History of Luxembourg
The history of Luxembourg is a rich tapestry that intertwines with the broader historical currents of Europe. Although its recorded history can be traced back to Roman times, the development of Luxembourg as a distinct entity began in the year 963. This period marks the foundation of Luxembourg Castle, a significant event that laid the groundwork for the country's future development.
Early Beginnings
In the early Middle Ages, the territory that would become Luxembourg was part of Merovingian Austrasia, which subsequently became a key region of the Carolingian Empire. The disintegration of the Carolingian Empire led to the Treaty of Verdun in 843, dividing it into three kingdoms. Luxembourg fell under the domain of Middle Francia and later became part of Lotharingia in 855. The eventual division of Lotharingia in 959 led Luxembourg to fall within the boundaries of the Duchy of Upper Lorraine as part of the Holy Roman Empire.
The name "Luxembourg" itself is believed to derive from the word "Letze," a term possibly referring to either Roman fortifications or a primitive refuge from the early Middle Ages.
The House of Luxembourg
The powerful House of Luxembourg played a pivotal role from the High Middle Ages through the Renaissance. This dynastic family produced influential figures, including Holy Roman Emperors and kings of Bohemia. However, the extinction of this dynasty eventually led to a loss of Luxembourg's independence, as it was absorbed into larger political entities.
Modern Times
The modern history of Luxembourg involves a complex interplay of political and military events. The territory has seen numerous shifts in control between neighboring powers, particularly during times of European conflict, which have shaped its unique identity today. It remained strategically significant, with military history central to its formation as a nation.