Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein
The Principality of Liechtenstein is a doubly landlocked country situated in Central Europe. Nestled between Switzerland to the west and south and Austria to the east and north, this small sovereign state is renowned for its picturesque Alpine landscape.
Geography
Liechtenstein encompasses an area of approximately 160 square kilometers, making it one of the smallest countries in the world. The capital city, Vaduz, serves as the political and cultural center, while Schaan is the largest municipality by population. The country is divided into 11 municipalities, each with its own unique charm and identity.
History
Liechtenstein's history as a principality dates back to the early 18th century when the House of Liechtenstein acquired the lordships of Schellenberg and the county of Vaduz. Its strategic location in Europe has seen it involved in various political arrangements over the years, including its accession to the Confederation of the Rhine in 1806 and the German Confederation in 1815.
In the 20th century, Liechtenstein formed crucial alliances, notably the Customs Treaty with Switzerland in 1923, and was admitted to the United Nations on September 18, 1990. The nation participates in the Schengen Area and the European Economic Area, though it is not an EU member state.
Politics
The political system of Liechtenstein is a hereditary constitutional monarchy, where the Prince of Liechtenstein acts as the head of state. The current reigning monarch is Hans-Adam II, who has been in power since 1989. The prince’s heir, Alois, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein, has acted as regent since 2004.
Notably, a constitutional referendum in 2003 expanded the powers of the monarch, following a public debate initiated by the prince's suggestion that he might leave the country if the referendum failed.
Economy
Liechtenstein boasts a prosperous and industrialized economy, heavily reliant on industry and services, with a notable financial services sector. It is known for its high standard of living and economic stability, partly due to its customs union and monetary agreements with Switzerland, employing the Swiss franc as its currency.
Culture
Liechtenstein’s cultural life is vibrant, with influences from its German-speaking heritage. The country celebrates a rich tradition of arts, music, and festivals, often reflecting the distinct Alpine culture. The Liechtenstein National Museum and the Kunstmuseum Liechtenstein in Vaduz are central to its cultural offerings.