Kingdom of Sweden
Sweden, formally known as the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It shares its borders with Norway to the west and north and Finland to the east. Covering an extensive area of 450,295 square kilometers (173,860 square miles), Sweden is the largest Nordic country by both area and population, making it the fifth-largest country in Europe by landmass.
Geography
The geography of Sweden is marked by its vast forests, numerous lakes, and coastal archipelagos. It stretches from the icy north, which is part of the Arctic Circle, to the temperate south. The capital and largest city, Stockholm, is situated on Sweden's east coast and is known for its beautiful archipelago. Other major cities include Gothenburg, located on the country's west coast, and Malmö in the south.
Population and Demographics
Sweden has a population of approximately 10.6 million people, with a low population density of 25.5 inhabitants per square kilometer (66 per square mile). A significant 88% of Swedes live in urban areas, primarily in the central and southern regions. The demographic landscape of Sweden is shaped by a well-documented history of immigration and cultural diversity. The country's demographics are monitored by Statistics Sweden, which provides detailed insights into the population's composition and trends.
History
The history of Sweden dates back to prehistoric times around 12,000 BC. Early inhabitants included the Geats (Swedish: Götar) and the Swedes (Svear), who were part of the Norsemen, known for their sea-faring prowess. The unification of Sweden as a state began in the late 10th century, evolving into one of the most stable and prosperous nations in Europe.
Government and Politics
Sweden operates as a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy. The Monarchy of Sweden is a hereditary institution, with the current monarch being Carl XVI Gustaf. The Prime Minister of Sweden leads the government, overseeing a multi-party system that includes notable political parties such as the Sweden Democrats.
Economy
Sweden boasts a highly developed and mixed economy, characterized by a robust welfare state. It is heavily reliant on export-oriented industries, including automotive, telecommunications, and manufacturing. Major companies such as Volvo, IKEA, and Ericsson have their roots in Sweden, contributing significantly to its economy.
Culture
Swedish culture is diverse and rich, with influences from its Norse history and modern European trends. The Swedish language is the official language, while English is widely spoken. Sweden is known for its contributions to literature, music, and cinema, with globally recognized figures such as Ingmar Bergman and ABBA.