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Serra da Estrela Sheep

The Serra da Estrela sheep is a domestic breed native to the Serra da Estrela mountain range in the Beiras e Serra da Estrela sub-region of east-central Portugal. This region is known for its natural beauty, which provides an ideal environment for sheep herding.

Origin and Distribution

The breed originates from the highlands of the Serra da Estrela and has been historically raised under a migratory, or transhumant, system of management. During the summer months, shepherds would move the sheep to higher pastures on the Serra da Estrela and the nearby Serra de Montemuro. As winter approached, they would be returned to lower areas, such as the fertile Mondego River valley.

Breed Characteristics

Serra da Estrela sheep are typically white, sometimes with brown spots on their legs and face. Interestingly, about 10% of the population is a distinctive black variant. Unlike some other breeds, the face, legs, and belly of Serra da Estrela sheep do not have wool. The primary purpose for raising these sheep is milk production.

Economic and Cultural Significance

The milk from these sheep is renowned for producing the famed Serra da Estrela cheese, which is a traditional product of the region and holds significant cultural importance. This cheese is a Protected Designation of Origin, highlighting its uniqueness and quality.

In 1981, the Associação Nacional Criadores Ovinos Serra da Estrela was established to support breeders and manage breeding records. The association initially worked with the administration of the Serra da Estrela Natural Park to record milk production. By 1986, a formal flock book was introduced to maintain a record of the breed.

Population and Management

In the mid-1980s, the Serra da Estrela sheep population was substantial, with numbers reaching approximately 288,000. However, modern challenges such as urbanization and changing agricultural practices have affected their numbers.

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