Pectoral Ancient Egypt
Pectoral Jewelry in Ancient Egypt
Pectorals were a prominent form of jewelry in Ancient Egypt, serving as both decorative and symbolic items. Typically designed as large, ornate brooches, these items were often imbued with significant cultural and spiritual meaning. Beyond mere adornment, pectorals functioned as amulets, providing magical protection to their wearers, which were often the pharaohs and elite members of ancient Egyptian society.
Design and Symbolism
Pectorals were usually crafted from gold with cloisonné inlays of precious gemstones. This technique involved affixing small compartments, or cloisons, with thin strips of metal to hold the gemstones, creating intricate patterns and vibrant displays. The designs of these pectorals were frequently thematic, encapsulating motifs related to the pharaoh or iconic symbols from Egyptian mythology.
Types and Variations
The pectorals varied greatly in size and form, ranging from simple motifs that lay suspended from the sternum to more elaborate breastplate-sized items. They were typically suspended from the neck by a nah necklace, ensuring that the piece lay prominently across the wearer’s chest. This positioning not only served aesthetic purposes but also symbolized the protective power of the jewelry, guarding the heart and vital organs.
Cultural Significance
The use of pectorals was not unique to Egypt but can be seen across several ancient civilizations around the Mediterranean basin, Asia, and pre-Columbian societies in North and South America. However, the Egyptian pectoral is particularly noted for its rich iconography and craftsmanship, reflective of ancient beliefs in the protective and empowering capabilities of these adornments.
Example: Tutankhamun's Pectoral
One of the most famous examples of Egyptian pectorals comes from the tomb of Tutankhamun, the pharaoh whose burial artifacts provided significant insight into the opulent craftsmanship of ancient Egyptian artisans. His pectorals incorporate symbols of power, protection, and eternal life, underscoring the dual purpose of these items as both artistic achievements and spiritual safeguards.