Brooch: A Decorative and Functional Ornament

A brooch, pronounced /ˈbroʊtʃ/ or /ˈbruːtʃ/, is a decorative jewelry item designed to be attached to garments, often to fasten them together. Typically made of metal such as silver or gold, brooches are frequently adorned with enamel or gemstones. They serve both ornamental and practical purposes, functioning as clothing fasteners.

Historical Context

The history of the brooch stretches back to the Bronze Age, making them significant artifacts in the study of ancient cultures. Due to the rapidly changing fashions of brooches, they are valuable chronological indicators in archaeology. Ancient European brooches are often referred to by the Latin term fibula, a type of brooch or pin used to fasten garments, typically worn at the right shoulder. These items were not only necessary as clothing fasteners but also served as highly decorative symbols of social status for both men and women.

Types of Brooches

Celtic Brooches

One of the most renowned types is the Celtic brooch, more accurately termed the penannular brooch, with a closely related type known as the pseudo-penannular brooch. These brooches were primarily used to fasten clothes and were an important part of Celtic attire.

Anglo-Saxon Brooches

The Anglo-Saxon period also saw the development of distinctive brooch styles. Two main categories included the long (bow) brooch and the circular (disc) brooch. Each of these styles, such as the cruciform and square-headed brooches, held cultural significance.

Romano-British Brooches

The dragonesque brooch is a distinctive type of Romano-British brooch, crafted between approximately 75 and 175 AD. These brooches are notable for their unique designs and have been discovered in archaeological sites across the United Kingdom.

Iconic Brooches

Tara Brooch

The Tara Brooch is an exquisite example of Irish Celtic art from the late 7th or early 8th century. It is categorized as a pseudo-penannular brooch and is celebrated for its intricate design and craftsmanship.

Hooker Emerald Brooch

Designed by Tiffany & Co., the Hooker Emerald Brooch is a renowned piece featuring an impressive emerald centerpiece. It is currently displayed in the Janet Annenberg Hooker Hall of Geology and Gems.

Luckenbooth Brooch

The Luckenbooth brooch is a Scottish heart-shaped brooch, often featuring a crown above one heart or two intertwined hearts. These brooches symbolize love and loyalty, making them popular gifts.

Brooches in Modern Times

Brooches remain a popular form of jewelry today, often worn as fashion statements or heirlooms. They continue to be featured in various jewelry collections, such as those owned by Elizabeth II, who possessed an extensive collection of over 300 pieces, including 98 brooches.