The European Council

The European Council is a pivotal institution of the European Union (EU). It is primarily composed of the heads of state or government of the EU member states, alongside the President of the European Council and the President of the European Commission. This body plays a crucial role in defining the general political directions and priorities of the EU, although it does not have legislative power.

Formation and Function

The European Council was formalized as an institution in 1974. Initially, it served as an informal forum for discussion among the leaders of member states. Over time, it has evolved into a fundamental component of the EU's governance, particularly after the Treaty of Lisbon came into force in 2009, formally establishing it as one of the EU's seven institutions.

The primary functions of the European Council include:

Setting the EU's overall political agenda
Resolving issues that cannot be settled at lower levels of intergovernmental cooperation
Nominating and appointing candidates to certain high-profile EU positions
Setting the EU’s foreign and security policy framework

Meetings

The European Council usually meets four times a year, but its President can convene additional meetings as necessary. These meetings, often referred to as "European summits," are held in Brussels, Belgium.

Presidency

The President of the European Council is a key figure who chairs its meetings and drives forward the agenda. The President is elected by the European Council for a renewable term of two and a half years. This role was established to provide continuity and consistency in leadership, contrasting with the previously rotating system of presidency.

Relationship with Other EU Institutions

The European Council works in close conjunction with other EU institutions. It provides the necessary impetus for the development of the EU and defines its overall direction. However, the Council of the European Union, also known as the Council of Ministers, remains the principal decision-making body in terms of legislation, along with the European Parliament.

Furthermore, the European Council often collaborates with the European Commission to ensure the execution of its strategic decisions.

Importance in EU Enlargement

The European Council plays a critical role in the enlargement of the European Union. It sets the criteria for accession and provides political guidance on negotiations with candidate countries. No country has joined the EU without the endorsement of the European Council.

Influence and Impact

Given its composition of national leaders, the European Council serves as a vital mechanism for balancing the interests of the member states with the overarching goals of the EU. Its decisions often reflect a compromise between national interests and the collective interests of the union.