2007 Enlargement of the European Union
The 2007 enlargement of the European Union (EU) marked a significant expansion as Bulgaria and Romania became member states on 1 January 2007. This was part of the EU's continuing efforts to integrate countries from the Eastern Europe region, furthering political stability, economic growth, and cooperation across the continent.
Background
The path to membership for Bulgaria and Romania was set at the Thessaloniki Summit in 2003, where it was decided that both countries would join the EU on the first day of 2007. This date was confirmed in Brussels on 18 June 2004. The official Treaty of Accession was signed on 25 April 2005 at Luxembourg's Neumuenster Abbey. The enlargement was ratified following a positive report by the European Commission on 26 September 2006.
Membership and Rights
Upon accession, Bulgarian and Romanian nationals became citizens of the European Union, obtaining the right to move and reside freely in other EU member states. This is a fundamental freedom within the EU, enhancing mobility and economic integration across member countries.
Areas of Deferred Implementation
Certain areas of EU cooperation were deferred for Bulgaria and Romania. For instance, full participation in the Schengen Area was set for a future date, with partial application expected from 31 March 2024 and full application from 1 January 2025. Similarly, Bulgaria's participation in the Eurozone is anticipated from 1 January 2026, while Romania's date of inclusion is still to be determined.
Impact and Significance
The 2007 enlargement was not only a milestone for Bulgaria and Romania but also a strategic move for the EU, aiming to enhance political stability, democratic governance, and economic growth in the region. This enlargement followed the 2004 enlargement, which was the largest in the EU's history, and preceded the 2013 enlargement when Croatia joined the EU.