Umerkot District
Umerkot District, also referred to as Amarkot District, is a geographically and culturally significant region located in the southeastern part of the Sindh Province of Pakistan. Historically and culturally rich, Umerkot is known for its unique demographic composition and its significant role in the history of the Indian subcontinent.
Geography and Administrative Divisions
The Umerkot District is administratively divided into several tehsils, which are smaller administrative regions. These divisions play a critical role in local governance and administration. The district was initially established in 1993 but was later dissolved and merged with Mirpurkhas District. However, it was re-established as a separate district due to political and administrative considerations.
Demographics
Umerkot District is notable as the only non-Muslim majority district in Pakistan. According to the 2023 Pakistani census, Hinduism is the predominant religion, with adherents making up approximately 54.7% of the population. This makes it a unique district in the religious landscape of Pakistan. The total population of the district is about 1.15 million, with a household count of approximately 222,562. The Sindhi language is spoken by 95.1% of the district's residents.
The district has a gender ratio of 109.73 males for every 100 females and a literacy rate of 38.69%, with a significant gap between male (51.17%) and female (25.11%) literacy rates.
Historical Significance
Umerkot holds a significant place in history as the birthplace of the Mughal Emperor Akbar. He was born in the Umerkot Fort when his father, Humayun, was fleeing from the Sur dynasty. This historical event adds to the cultural richness of the district.
During the British colonial period, after the 1843 invasion led by Charles Napier, the region, like much of Sindh, was reorganized. Zamindars, known locally as Wadaras, were appointed to collect taxes for the British administration.
Cultural Aspects
The district is home to several historic sites and cultural landmarks, including the Umarkot Shiv Mandir, a notable Hindu temple. The temple is significant not only as a place of worship but also as a symbol of the cultural and religious diversity of the region.
Economy and Society
Agriculture is the backbone of Umerkot's economy, with a majority of the population engaged in farming and related activities. The socio-economic development of the district is influenced by its agricultural productivity and the challenges posed by its geographical location near the Thar Desert.