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Peterborough Cathedral

Peterborough Cathedral, formally known as the Cathedral Church of St Peter, St Paul, and St Andrew, is an architectural and historical gem located in Peterborough, Cambridgeshire, England. This magnificent structure, formerly known as Peterborough Abbey or St Peter's Abbey, stands as a testament to the Romanesque and Gothic architectural styles and has played a pivotal role in the city's religious and cultural life.

Historical Background

The origins of Peterborough Cathedral date back to the establishment of a monastic community in the Anglo-Saxon period. The original church was destroyed by a fire in 1116, leading to the construction of the current structure. The reconstruction began in 1118 under the direction of Abbot John de Sais. The cathedral was finally completed and consecrated in 1238.

One of the most significant historical events associated with the cathedral is the burial of Catherine of Aragon, the first wife of Henry VIII, in 1536. Each year, the cathedral holds a memorial service in her honor, reflecting its enduring historical significance.

Architectural Features

The architectural splendor of Peterborough Cathedral is marked by its Romanesque and Gothic elements. The nave, one of the finest examples of Romanesque architecture in England, features a remarkable wooden ceiling that dates back to the 13th century. The west front, with its three enormous arches, is a distinctive feature that showcases the transition from Romanesque to Gothic style.

Interior Highlights
  • The Choir: The choir stalls, dating from the 14th century, are intricately carved and serve as a focal point within the cathedral.
  • The High Altar: The high altar, with its beautifully sculpted reredos, exemplifies the cathedral's Gothic craftsmanship.
  • The Retrochoir: Added in the 15th century, the retrochoir houses the Hedda Stone, an Anglo-Saxon sculpture that survived the Norman Conquest.

Exterior Highlights
  • The West Front: Renowned for its three grand arches, the west front is a striking example of Early English Gothic architecture.
  • The Central Tower: Rising majestically, the central tower offers panoramic views and is a key feature of the cathedral's skyline.

The King's (The Cathedral) School

Founded in 1541 by King Henry VIII during the Dissolution of the Monasteries, The King's (The Cathedral) School is an integral part of the cathedral's history. This state-funded Church of England Cathedral Chorister School was established to educate the cathedral's choristers and has since evolved into a renowned educational institution.

Educational Influence

The King's (The Cathedral) School continues to maintain a close relationship with Peterborough Cathedral. The choristers are still educated at the school, and the students regularly participate in services and events held at the cathedral.

Cultural and Religious Significance

Peterborough Cathedral is not only a place of worship but also a center for cultural and community activities. It hosts concerts, exhibitions, and educational programs, attracting visitors from around the world. The cathedral's Chapter House and Cloisters are used for various events, contributing to the city's cultural vibrancy.

Annual Events
  • Catherine of Aragon Festival: Held annually in January, this festival commemorates the life and legacy of Catherine of Aragon.
  • Heritage Open Days: The cathedral participates in these national events, offering guided tours and activities to explore its rich heritage.

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The King's (The Cathedral) School

The King's (The Cathedral) School is a historic and prestigious Church of England educational institution located in Peterborough, England. Founded by King Henry VIII in 1541, the school has a rich history intertwined with the religious and educational transformations of its time, particularly during the Dissolution of the Monasteries.

History and Foundation

As part of the Dissolution of the Monasteries, King Henry VIII sought to reestablish and endow educational institutions. The King's School was one of seven such schools, aimed at providing education to 'twenty poor boys.' Originally, the school was housed in the Cathedral Precincts at the Becket Chapel. The foundation was a significant move, emphasizing the importance of education in a rapidly changing religious landscape.

Curriculum and Early Days

In its early days, education at The King's School was rigorous, with school beginning at 5:00 a.m., followed by prayers in Peterborough Cathedral at 6:30 a.m. The curriculum was heavily focused on Latin, Greek, and Scripture, reflecting the classical education model of the time. The emphasis on these subjects underscored the importance of preparing boys for ecclesiastical and scholarly pursuits.

Development and Modern Day

Over the centuries, The King's School has evolved significantly. Although it started as a boys-only grammar school, it is now coeducational and includes a junior department in Madeley House. Madeley House was historically significant as it used to house boarders, many of whom were cathedral choristers. Currently, the school caters to day pupils only, maintaining its close ties with the cathedral, where the headteacher retains a stall in the quire.

The King's School continues to serve as the Cathedral Chorister School, educating both boy and girl choristers in Years 3-8. This role highlights the school's ongoing contribution to the musical and cultural heritage of the cathedral.

The Network of King's Schools

The King's School in Peterborough is part of a broader network of 'King's Schools' established across England. These include the King's School, Canterbury, King's School, Gloucester, King's School, Worcester, and others. Each of these schools has its own unique history and contribution to England's educational landscape, often sharing similar origins with the dissolution and re-founding during the time of King Henry VIII.

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