Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka, officially known as the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country located in the southern part of Asia, in the Indian Ocean, southwest of the Bay of Bengal and southeast of the Arabian Sea. It is separated from the Indian subcontinent by the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait.
History
The history of Sri Lanka is marked by several historical influences and cultural exchanges due to its strategic location on major maritime routes. The earliest known inhabitants were the Vedda people, and the island has a rich history stretching back over 3,000 years. It was known by various names throughout history, such as Taprobane by the Greeks, Serendib by the Arabs, and Ceylon under European colonial rule.
Sri Lanka gained independence from the British Empire in 1948 and became a republic in 1972, changing its name from Ceylon to Sri Lanka. The country has experienced significant political and social transformations, including a civil conflict involving the Sri Lankan Tamils and the Sinhalese majority.
Geography
The country's topography ranges from wetlands and plains in the coastal regions to mountainous areas in the south-central part of the island. The highest point is Pidurutalagala, reaching approximately 2,524 meters.
Sri Lanka is divided into nine provinces, each further subdivided into districts. The central highlands are renowned for tea plantations, a legacy of colonial-era agricultural practices.
Economy
Sri Lanka's economy is a mixed one, characterized by a blend of traditional agriculture and modern industries. The main economic activities include:
- Agriculture: Sri Lanka is famous for its Ceylon tea, as well as crops like rice, rubber and coconut.
- Manufacturing: The manufacturing sector includes textiles and garments, cement, and petroleum refining.
- Mineral Extraction: The island is rich in mineral resources such as graphite, precious stones, and ilmenite.
- Tourism: With its beautiful landscapes, cultural heritage, and biodiversity, tourism plays a significant role in the economy.
Culture
Sri Lankan culture is an amalgamation of several traditions, primarily influenced by Buddhism and Hinduism. Festivals such as the Sinhalese New Year, Vesak, and Diwali are celebrated with fervor. The Sri Lankan music, dance, and art forms reflect its rich cultural diversity.
Sports
Sri Lanka national cricket team is an iconic representation of the nation's passion for cricket, a sport introduced during the colonial period. The team has achieved international acclaim, winning the ICC Cricket World Cup in 1996.
Transportation
Sri Lanka boasts a well-connected network of roads, railways, and two international airports. SriLankan Airlines serves as the national carrier, facilitating international and domestic air travel.