Proprietary Software License
A proprietary software license is a type of software license that restricts the use, modification, and distribution of software. Unlike free and open-source software licenses which provide users with extensive rights to alter and share the software, proprietary licenses maintain strict control by the software creator or publisher over how their software can be utilized.
Characteristics of Proprietary Software Licenses
Ownership and Control
Under a proprietary software license, the software publisher retains control over the software. The user is granted limited rights to use the software but does not own the actual software. The software's source code is typically not made available, preventing users from modifying or studying the software in detail.
Usage Restrictions
Proprietary licenses often impose restrictions on the number of devices the software can be installed on, or the number of users who can access the software. They may also limit the geographical regions where the software can be used. These restrictions are enforced to maintain a revenue stream and protect the publisher's intellectual property.
No Redistribution
Users are typically prohibited from redistributing the software under a proprietary license. This clause ensures that the publisher controls the distribution process and can charge for additional licenses or copies.
No Modifications
One of the cardinal rules of proprietary software licenses is that users cannot modify the software in any way. This lack of flexibility can hinder customization and integration with other software systems, but it also ensures that the software is used as intended by the publisher.
Contrast with Open-Source Licenses
Proprietary software licenses stand in contrast to open-source licenses, such as the GNU General Public License or MIT License, which allow users to freely use, modify, and distribute the software. The open-source movement advocates for software freedom and transparency, which proprietary licenses do not support.
Examples of Proprietary Software
Many well-known software products are distributed under proprietary licenses. These include operating systems like Microsoft Windows, productivity suites like Microsoft Office, and various enterprise solutions from companies like Oracle Corporation and Adobe Inc..
License Enforcement
Enforcement of proprietary software licenses is a critical function for many software companies. This often involves the use of digital rights management (DRM) technologies to prevent unauthorized copying and distribution. Companies may also employ software audits to ensure compliance with licensing terms.
License Compatibility
Proprietary licenses are generally not compatible with open-source licenses due to their restrictive nature. This incompatibility can pose challenges for organizations attempting to integrate proprietary software with open-source solutions.
Formerly Proprietary Software
Some software products initially released under proprietary licenses have been re-licensed as open-source or free software. This transition often occurs when companies wish to foster community development or discontinue commercial software development.