Schengen Area
The Schengen Area
The Schengen Area is a significant achievement in European integration, representing a zone of 29 European countries that have abolished all passport and other types of border control at their mutual borders. The area functions as a single jurisdiction for international travel purposes, with a common visa policy, emphasizing the goal of free movement of people within Europe.
Historical Background
The Schengen Area is named after the Schengen Agreement, signed in the village of Schengen, Luxembourg, in 1985. This agreement laid the groundwork for the abolition of internal border controls and was followed by the Schengen Convention in 1990, which implemented the idea of a passport-free zone.
Member States
The Schengen Area comprises most of the European Union (EU) member states, along with several non-EU countries. Of the 27 EU member states, only Ireland and Cyprus are not part of the area. Cyprus is obligated by treaty to join the Schengen Area by 2026, although its participation is delayed due to the ongoing conflict involving Northern Cyprus.
Additionally, all members of the European Free Trade Association, which includes Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland, have signed agreements with the EU to participate in the Schengen Area.
Visa Policy
The visa policy within the Schengen Area allows for the issuance of a Schengen Visa, which enables travel across all member states with a single visa. This policy facilitates tourism and business travel by removing the need for multiple entry visas for individual countries.
Schengen Information System
The Schengen Information System (SIS) is a critical component of the Schengen framework, providing a governmental database that assists member states in tracking individuals and goods across borders. It is utilized by 31 European countries to enhance security and manage the flow of people entering and exiting the Schengen Area.
Special Territories and Exceptions
Certain territories, while part of EU member states, are not included in the Schengen Area due to special agreements. For instance, some regions are outside the European Union customs area or the European Union Value Added Tax Area. Examples include the Azores, Madeira, and the Canary Islands.