Real Tennis
Real Tennis
Real Tennis, also known as royal tennis or court tennis, is the original racquet sport from which the modern game of tennis evolved. This ancient game has a rich history and a unique set of rules that sets it apart from its contemporary counterpart.
Historical Background
Real tennis dates back to at least the 12th century, with roots in France, where it was known as "jeu de paume" before the racquet was introduced. The game was immensely popular among the nobility, with King Henry VIII of England being one of its most famous enthusiasts. By the 16th century, real tennis had spread across Europe, with courts being constructed in Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, and the Habsburg Empire.
The sport is notable for its connection to significant historical events. For example, the Tennis Court Oath, a pivotal moment in the French Revolution, took place in a real tennis court at Versailles.
Rules and Equipment
The rules of real tennis are considerably more complex than those of modern tennis. The game is played on an asymmetrical court, which includes numerous architectural features like the tambour and grilles that affect the ball's trajectory. Unlike modern tennis, real tennis uses both walls and a sloped roof as integral parts of the game.
Real tennis is played with balls that are handmade, slightly heavier, and less bouncy than lawn tennis balls. Traditional wooden racquets are used, which have a distinctive asymmetrical shape to assist in hitting balls close to walls. Companies such as Dunlop and Slazenger previously produced these racquets, although the introduction of graphite racquets in modern tennis has influenced changes in manufacturing.
Courts and Play
Real tennis courts are unique and somewhat rare, with only around 50 courts worldwide. The design of each court can vary significantly, contributing to the unique character of each game played. Notably, Falkland Palace in Scotland houses one of the oldest surviving courts, commissioned by James V of Scotland.
Because the court is asymmetrical, the game favours the player at the service end. Players must earn the right to serve, adding another layer of strategy and complexity to the sport.
Famous Players and Cultural Impact
Throughout history, real tennis has attracted notable players, from royalty to skilled professionals. Francis I of France and Henry II of France were both avid players, contributing to the sport's prestige in France. In England, prominent figures like Anne Boleyn witnessed games, and it is believed that Henry VIII was playing tennis when he received news of her execution.
The Real Tennis World Championship is the sport's premier competition, highlighting the ongoing interest and skill within the sport. Players vie for titles in historic events such as the British Open.