Proprietary Graphical Operating Systems
Proprietary Graphical Operating Systems
Proprietary graphical operating systems are operating systems developed and marketed by companies that do not release the source code to the public. These systems often offer a graphical user interface (GUI) for interaction with the computer hardware, which is contrasted with open-source systems where the source code is freely available for modification and distribution.
Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Windows is one of the most well-known proprietary operating systems, developed by Microsoft Corporation. Initially released in 1985, Windows has evolved through various versions and is used in a myriad of applications from personal computers to enterprise servers. Its prevalence was boosted by its user-friendly graphical interface, allowing users to interact with their computers beyond command-line prompts.
A subset of Windows, the Windows NT family, was designed for professional use, emphasizing hardware and software portability. Initially released in 1993, Windows NT's architecture supports multiple processor architectures, demonstrating its versatility. The line became consumer-friendly with the release of Windows XP in 2001.
GEOS
The GEOS operating system, originally an 8-bit system, later expanded into a 16-bit environment and was primarily used in commodore and Apple computers. Despite being proprietary, GEOS was notable for its ability to run on limited hardware, offering a graphical interface similar to those found in more advanced systems.
Mobile Operating Systems
In the realm of mobile devices, proprietary systems maintain a strong presence. Apple's iOS is a prime example, powering the iPhone and iPad devices. Similarly, although Android is fundamentally open-source, many implementations include Google's proprietary code, making them effectively proprietary in practice.
Nintendo Switch System Software
The Nintendo Switch uses a proprietary system software named Horizon, which is a continuation of the Nintendo 3DS's software. This system employs a unique microkernel architecture, illustrating the diversity of proprietary systems beyond traditional computing environments.
Retail and Specialized Systems
The 4690 Operating System by IBM is an example of a specialized proprietary system, tailored for retail environments. This system allows retailers to operate their applications efficiently, exemplifying the bespoke nature of many proprietary systems in specific industries.
Desktop Environments
In proprietary systems, the Desktop Environment plays a crucial role by providing a common GUI. Desktop environments are essential in making systems accessible to general users, marking a significant step in the evolution from text-based to graphical interfaces.