Pointed Arch
Pointed Arch
A pointed arch, also known as an ogival arch or Gothic arch, is an architectural element characterized by its pointed crown. It is formed by two curving sides meeting at a relatively sharp angle at the apex, creating a distinct and recognizable shape. This form of arch is derived from the intersection of two circles and is crucial to the development of Gothic architecture.
Historical Development
The pointed arch has a rich history and can be traced back to various early cultures. Its origins are observed in the early church buildings of Syria and Mesopotamia, as well as engineering works such as the Byzantine Karamagara Bridge. Though commonly associated with Gothic architecture, the pointed arch's use predates its Gothic implementation, with significant examples found in Islamic architecture.
Islamic Architecture
The pointed arch emerged as a notable feature in early Islamic architecture, evidenced in both Umayyad and Abbasid architecture from the late 7th to 9th centuries. One advanced form of the pointed arch in this context is the four-centred arch, which became prominent under the Abbasids.
Gothic Architecture
In Gothic architecture, the pointed arch was a revolutionary development that allowed for the construction of taller and more intricate structures. Its design enabled the distribution of weight more efficiently than its predecessor, the Romanesque semi-circular arch. This innovation facilitated the creation of the iconic soaring cathedrals of Europe, characterized by impressive height and large stained glass windows.
Architectural Impact
The pointed arch had a transformative impact on architectural design. It directly influenced the development of the pointed rib vault and the flying buttress, both of which are key elements of Gothic construction. These elements allowed for more elaborate and ornate buildings while maintaining structural integrity.
Variations and Influences
Beyond the Gothic style, the pointed arch has influenced various architectural traditions. In Moorish architecture, the mixed-line arch evolved into the ornate lambrequin or muqarnas arch. Additionally, the pointed arch was integrated into the design of arch bridges, showcasing its versatility and enduring appeal.