Planetary Science
Planetary science, sometimes referred to as planetology, is a comprehensive field dedicated to the scientific examination of planets, including Earth, moons, asteroids, comets, and planetary systems, particularly those within the Solar System. This discipline spans across various sizes of celestial objects from tiny micrometeoroids to colossal gas giants, aiming to uncover their composition, dynamics, formation processes, interrelations, and historical contexts.
Interdisciplinary Nature
The field of planetary science is inherently interdisciplinary, having emerged from the union of astronomy and Earth science. It now incorporates a myriad of disciplines, including planetary geology, cosmochemistry, atmospheric science, physics, oceanography, hydrology, theoretical planetary science, glaciology, and exoplanetology.
Planetary Geology
Planetary geology, also known as astrogeology or exogeology, is a key discipline within planetary science that focuses on the geological aspects of celestial bodies. This includes studying the surface processes, internal structure, and the history of these bodies. It draws on techniques and knowledge from geology, geophysics, and other Earth sciences to understand the nature of other planets and moons.
Comparative Planetary Science
Also known as comparative planetology, this branch of planetary science involves the study of various natural processes and systems by comparing them across different celestial bodies. This approach helps scientists understand the universal principles that govern planetary bodies and their evolution. By comparing geological features and processes on Earth with those on other planets, planetary scientists can infer the history and dynamics of these extraterrestrial environments.
Planetary Cores
A planetary core comprises the innermost layers of a planet. Understanding the core is critical for insights into a planet's magnetic field, tectonic activity, and heat flow. Cores can be entirely liquid, or a combination of solid and liquid layers, as seen in planets like Earth.
Scientific Institutions
Planetary scientists are often affiliated with departments specializing in astronomy, physics, or Earth sciences at academic or research institutions. Several specialized planetary science institutes, like the Division for Planetary Sciences, exist to facilitate research and collaboration in this realm. Organizations such as The Planetary Society also play a pivotal role in advocacy and public engagement in planetary science and exploration.
Data Repositories
Data from planetary exploration missions is stored in repositories such as the Planetary Science Archive, which is managed by the European Space Agency. These archives provide essential data for research and help scientists analyze the physical and chemical properties of celestial bodies within our solar system.