Philippine Declaration Of Independence
The Philippine Declaration of Independence
The Philippine Declaration of Independence is a pivotal moment in the history of the Philippines that marked the nation's assertion of sovereignty from Spanish colonial rule. This historic proclamation was made on June 12, 1898, in the town of Kawit, Cavite, by Emilio Aguinaldo, who would later become the first President of the Philippines.
Historical Context
The declaration was the culmination of the Philippine Revolution, a struggle which began in 1896 against Spanish colonial administration. The revolution was characterized by a series of battles and uprisings, fueled by a desire for independence and inspired by the global wave of decolonization.
The Declaration Event
The event occurred in the house of Emilio Aguinaldo, where the Philippine flag was unfurled for the first time. This flag was crafted in Hong Kong by Marcela Agoncillo, her daughter Lorenza, and Delfina Herbosa. The flag's presentation was accompanied by the playing of the national anthem, then known as the Marcha Filipina Magdalo, now called Lupang Hinirang, composed by Julián Felipe.
The formal declaration, known as the Act of the Declaration of Independence, was prepared and read by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista in Spanish. The document declared the sovereignty and independence of the Filipino people from the colonial rule of Spain.
Ratification and Subsequent Developments
The proclamation was ratified by 190 municipal presidents from various provinces including Manila, Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Bulacan, and others. This act was further modified by the Malolos Congress in Malolos, Bulacan upon the insistence of Apolinario Mabini, who objected to certain provisions that suggested a protectorate relationship with the United States.
Legacy and Recognition
The Philippine Declaration of Independence is commemorated annually on Independence Day, celebrated on June 12, making it a central event in the history of the nation. However, it wasn't until years later, following the Philippine-American War, that full sovereignty was recognized.
The original document is preserved and has been subject to historical scrutiny and public interest. A significant moment in its history was the return of the declaration to the National Library of the Philippines in 1994, facilitated by historian and academic, Milagros Guerrero.