Qwiki

Peking Opera

‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌

Characteristics of Peking Opera

Peking Opera, or Beijing Opera, is a classical form of Chinese opera known for its rich blend of music, vocal performance, mime, dance, and acrobatics. The art form has evolved through centuries of Chinese history, reflecting the cultural and artistic ethos of China.

Role Types

Peking Opera is distinct in its classification of roles, known as the Four Pillars:

  1. Sheng: These characters are usually scholars or officials and are depicted as dignified and aristocratic. The Sheng roles are further divided into subcategories such as the Lao Sheng (old men) and Xiao Sheng (young men).

  2. Dan: Traditionally, all women's roles in Peking Opera were played by men, a practice that changed over time. The Dan roles reflect different female characters, including strong, virtuous women, young maidens, and even warrior women.

  3. Jing: Known for their elaborate face paint, Jing characters are typically rough and bold male figures. The decoration on the Jing's face often holds symbolic meaning, representing the character's personality traits.

  4. Chou: Often viewed as the comic relief, the Chou roles are the clowns of Peking Opera. They are easily identifiable by the distinctive patch of white chalk around the nose, which can suggest a character's cunning or mischievous nature.

Performance Elements

Peking Opera performances are characterized by their elaborate costumes and minimalistic stage settings. The costumes are vibrantly colored, symbolizing the nature and status of the characters. The stage, however, remains sparse, relying on the performers' skills to create the narrative environment.

Vocal Techniques

The vocal performance in Peking Opera is a critical component, showcasing a wide range of singing styles. The operatic singing is often high-pitched and involves a distinct type of vocalization that requires rigorous training.

Music and Instrumentation

The instrumental music that accompanies Peking Opera is performed using traditional Chinese instruments like the Jinghu, a two-stringed fiddle, and various types of drums and gongs. The music serves to enhance the emotional tone and dramatic moments within the performance.

Techniques and Innovation

Innovations have continued throughout the history of Peking Opera, such as the cai qiao or "false foot" technique developed by the renowned performer Wei Changsheng. This technique simulates the appearance of bound feet, which was considered a symbol of femininity and societal status in historical China.

Related Topics

Peking Opera

Peking Opera, also known as Beijing Opera, is a prominent form of Chinese opera that originated in the late 18th century and became fully developed and recognized by the mid-19th century. It is celebrated for its combination of several artistic elements, including vocal performance, dance, music, mime, and acrobatics. This traditional Chinese theatrical form is known for its visually striking and colorful costumes, facial makeup, and symbolic movements.

Historical Background

Peking Opera emerged during the Qing Dynasty, a time when various regional forms of opera were flourishing throughout China. It drew elements from older forms, such as Kunqu and Qinqiang, but it was the amalgamation of these styles that gave birth to what is now recognized as Peking Opera. Initially popular in Beijing, it quickly gained prestige and spread across China, becoming the favored performance art of the courts and common people alike.

Characteristics of Peking Opera

Performance

In Peking Opera, performers use the skills of speech, song, dance, and combat. Movements are symbolic and suggestive, rather than realistic, requiring the audience to use imagination to interpret the actions. The elegance and precision of movements are more valued than realism, making it a unique theatrical experience.

Costumes and Makeup

The costumes in Peking Opera are elaborate and colorful, crafted to capture the essence of the character being portrayed. Makeup plays a significant role, particularly the iconic face painting, which uses colors and designs to symbolize different characters' traits and emotions. For instance, a small patch of white chalk around the nose can represent a mean and secretive nature or a quick wit.

Roles

Peking Opera consists of several role types, each with a specific style and function. The primary roles include:

  • Sheng: Male roles, varying from young men to old warriors.
  • Dan: Female roles, traditionally played by men, which include young maidens, mature women, and warrior women.
  • Jing: Painted-face roles, known for their elaborate facial makeup, representing warriors, heroes, and demons.
  • Chou: Clown roles, characterized by a small white patch on the face to denote a comedic or cunning persona.

Music

Peking Opera music combines the melodies of instruments such as the jinghu (a two-stringed fiddle), erhu (another type of two-stringed fiddle), and percussion instruments to create a unique sound. The music complements the performers' movements and the narrative of the opera, enhancing the emotional impact of the performance.

Innovations and Influences

Throughout its history, Peking Opera has undergone several transformations and has been influenced by political and social changes in China. During the Cultural Revolution, it was adapted into Revolutionary Operas, which incorporated modern themes and narratives while retaining traditional elements.

Cultural Significance

Peking Opera is not just a form of entertainment but an integral part of China's cultural heritage. It has influenced various aspects of Chinese art, including cinema and television. Productions such as the film "Peking Opera Blues" and television series like "Winter Begonia" highlight its enduring appeal and rich cultural significance.

Related Topics

Peking Opera continues to be a vibrant art form, celebrated for its artistic complexity and its role in preserving and promoting Chinese cultural traditions.