Onan
Onan and Onanism
Onan: The Biblical Figure
Onan is a figure from the Hebrew Bible, specifically mentioned in the Book of Genesis. He was the second son of Judah, one of the twelve sons of Jacob, also known as Israel. The narrative of Onan is primarily found in Genesis 38, which details his interactions with his brother's widow, Tamar.
Levirate Marriage
In ancient Hebrew culture, a practice known as levirate marriage was customary. This practice required a man to marry his deceased brother's widow if the brother died without male heirs, to ensure the continuation of the brother's lineage. Onan, however, refused to fulfill this obligation with Tamar, opting instead for coitus interruptus to avoid producing offspring that would be considered his brother's. This act of defiance was seen as displeasing to Yahweh, leading to Onan's death.
Onanism
Onanism is a term derived from the actions of Onan, but it has evolved in language to refer broadly to the act of masturbation or self-gratification. Despite this common association, it is important to note that Onan's Biblical offense was not masturbation, but rather his deliberate avoidance of levirate duties, which was frowned upon in the religious and cultural context of the time.
Cultural and Religious Interpretations
The term "onanism" has been utilized in various religious and cultural discussions, particularly within Christianity. The Roman Catholic Church, through documents such as the papal encyclical Casti connubii (1930), has referenced the story of Onan to underscore its teachings against contracepted sex. The Church, citing figures like St. Augustine, has interpreted the act of preventing conception as inherently sinful.
Onanism in Literature and Culture
Beyond religious texts, the concept of onanism has found its way into broader cultural discourse. It has been metaphorically used to describe acts of self-indulgence or solitary pursuits in literature and art. For instance, writers may describe their craft as an act of "onanism with words," highlighting the solitary and introspective nature of writing.