National Parks of Bhutan
The Kingdom of Bhutan, a landlocked country nestled in the Eastern Himalayas, is renowned for its commitment to the protection of the environment, which is considered one of the cornerstones of the nation's philosophy of Gross National Happiness. The country's dedication to ecological preservation is evident in its extensive network of protected areas, which includes national parks, nature reserves, and wildlife sanctuaries. As of June 2017, Bhutan boasts five national parks and 16 other nature reserves, collectively covering approximately 48% of the nation's land area.
Major National Parks
Jigme Dorji National Park
Jigme Dorji National Park (JDNP) is the second-largest national park in Bhutan, covering over 4,316 km². Named after the late Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, the park is one of the most biodiverse areas of the eastern Himalayas. It stretches from lush deciduous forests to the icy glaciers on Bhutan's north-western border. This diversity of habitats supports a wide range of species, making it a crucial area for conservation efforts.
Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park
Centrally located in Bhutan, the Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park covers an area of 1,730 km², making it the third largest national park in the country. This park is named after the fourth King of Bhutan, Jigme Singye Wangchuck, and is known for its diverse ecosystems that range from alpine pastures to sub-tropical forests. The park plays a vital role in maintaining the ecological balance of the region.
Royal Manas National Park
Royal Manas National Park is Bhutan's oldest national park and holds historical significance as it was the site of Bhutan's first park management plan. The park is home to a variety of habitats, ranging from lowland tropical forests to alpine meadows, and serves as a critical link in the transboundary conservation area with the adjacent Manas National Park in India. This connectivity is essential for the migration and genetic diversity of wildlife across the region.
Conservation Efforts and Biodiversity
Bhutan's national parks are integral to the conservation of the country's rich biodiversity. The parks are managed by the Department of Forests and Park Services under the Ministry of Agriculture and Forests. These protected areas are home to numerous endangered species, such as the Bengal tiger, snow leopard, and red panda. The parks also safeguard numerous plant species, some of which are endemic to the region.
The commitment to preserving Bhutan's natural heritage is evident in the way these parks are managed, promoting both ecological integrity and sustainable development. Bhutan's national parks not only serve as sanctuaries for wildlife but also as vital resources for scientific research, ecotourism, and cultural preservation.