Nanomaterials
Nanomaterials
Nanomaterials are materials with structural components smaller than 100 nanometers in at least one dimension. They represent a bridge between atomic or molecular structures and bulk materials, exhibiting unique mechanical, electrical, optical, and magnetic properties that are not present in bulk counterparts. These properties arise due to the increased surface area to volume ratio and quantum effects that become significant at the nanoscale.
Types of Nanomaterials
Engineered Nanomaterials
Engineered nanomaterials are specifically designed and synthesized for applications across various fields. These materials are often tailored to exhibit unique characteristics for applications in nanotechnology, electronics, and medicine.
Legacy Nanomaterials
Legacy nanomaterials, in contrast, are those that occur naturally or as incidental by-products of larger technological processes. They include nanoscale particles found in volcanic ash or combustion products.
Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials
Two-dimensional nanomaterials, such as graphene, are extensively researched due to their remarkable strength, conductivity, and flexibility. These materials are a single layer of atoms or molecules, giving them extraordinary surface area properties.
Applications
Medicine
In the field of medicine, nanomaterials have transformative potential. They are utilized in drug delivery systems, such as PLGA Nano-Carriers, which can enhance therapeutic efficacy and minimize side effects by targeting specific cells or tissues.
Catalysis
Nanomaterials, including nanomaterial-based catalysts, are employed to mimic natural enzymes and improve catalytic processes. Their large surface area and reactive sites make them highly efficient for chemical reactions.
Environmental Applications
Nanomaterials are also used in environmental applications such as pollution control and water treatment. Their small size and high reactivity enable them to interact with and neutralize pollutants effectively.
Health and Safety Considerations
The health and safety hazards of nanomaterials are an area of concern, with potential toxicity and risks such as fire and dust explosion hazards. The field of nanotoxicology focuses on assessing and mitigating these risks by studying the interactions of nanomaterials with biological systems.
Research and Development
Research in nanomaterials is a frontier in materials science, driven by the need to understand and control their unique properties. Mathematical modeling techniques, such as Multiscale Green's function, are employed to predict the behavior of nanomaterials at different scales.
Nanomaterials and Cancer
Nanomaterials have gained attention in the field of cancer research due to their potential in early detection, diagnosis, and targeted therapy. Their ability to interact at the cellular level can enhance the precision and efficacy of cancer treatments.