Microcomputer

A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer whose central processing unit (CPU) is built around a single integrated circuit microprocessor. The advent of microcomputers marked a significant shift in computing, making technology accessible to individuals and small businesses, thus revolutionizing the personal computer industry.

Historical Context

The concept of microcomputers emerged after the minicomputer era, gaining traction in the 1970s and early 1980s. Notable early microcomputers include the Altair 8800, developed by Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems, which played a pivotal role in sparking the microcomputer revolution.

The microcomputer revolution was not just a technological leap but a cultural one as well. It democratized computing, allowing individuals who were not part of large organizations or academic institutions to own and operate computers. This was facilitated by companies like Apple Inc., Commodore, and Tandy Corporation, which produced affordable microcomputers for the masses.

Components and Design

Microcomputers typically consist of the following components:

Microprocessor: Serving as the brain of the microcomputer, the microprocessor executes instructions and performs calculations. The Intel 4004 and later the Intel 8080 were among the first microprocessors used in early microcomputers.
Memory: Microcomputers use RAM for temporary data storage and ROM for permanent instructions, such as the system boot process.
Storage: Early microcomputers utilized floppy disks, tapes, or even hard drives for data storage.
Input and Output Devices: Commonly featured keyboards and video displays as primary input and output devices, respectively.

Notable Microcomputers

Some notable microcomputers include:

BBC Micro: Developed by Acorn Computers in the early 1980s, the BBC Micro became popular in educational contexts, particularly in the United Kingdom.
Jolt Microcomputer: Produced by Microcomputer Associates, this was designed as a low-cost microcomputer for hobbyists.
ICON Microcomputer: Developed for educational purposes in Ontario, Canada, emphasizing the role of microcomputers in schools.

Impact on Industry

The proliferation of microcomputers facilitated the birth of the personal computer industry, influencing major tech companies like Microsoft, which began by developing a BASIC interpreter for the Altair 8800. This period also saw the rise of software development for personal use and small business applications.

Microcomputers were instrumental in the growth of the computer game industry, with companies like Avalon Hill adapting board games to microcomputer platforms.

Legacy