Male Genitalia
Male Genitalia
The term male genitalia refers to the organs that are part of the male reproductive system. These organs are involved in sexual function, including the production and delivery of sperm, and in the excretion of urine. The male genitalia are divided into external and internal structures, each with specific functions and anatomical features.
External Genitalia
Penis
The penis is a cylindrical organ that facilitates sexual intercourse and the passage of urine. It is composed of three columns of erectile tissue: two corpora cavernosa and one corpus spongiosum, which surrounds the urethra. The tip of the penis is known as the glans, which is covered by the foreskin in uncircumcised males.
Scrotum
The scrotum is a pouch of skin that holds and protects the testicles. It acts as a climate control system for the testes, ensuring that they remain at an optimal temperature for spermatogenesis.
Testicles
The testicles, or testes, are oval-shaped organs that produce sperm and the male hormone testosterone. They are contained within the scrotum and are critical to male fertility.
Internal Genitalia
Epididymis
The epididymis is a tightly coiled tube situated at the top of the testicles. It is where sperm mature and are stored before ejaculation.
Vas Deferens
The vas deferens is a muscular tube that transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts, which converge to form the urethra inside the penis.
Accessory Glands
The male reproductive system includes several accessory glands that contribute fluids to semen. These include the seminal vesicles, the prostate gland, and the bulbourethral glands. These fluids nourish and facilitate the motility of sperm.
Function and Development
The primary function of the male genitalia is to produce, maintain, and transport sperm and protective fluid (semen). This system also discharges sperm within the female reproductive tract during sexual intercourse. The development of male genitalia begins in utero, influenced by the genetic sex and hormones like testosterone. By approximately 16 weeks post-conception, the genitalia are distinctly male.