Highway System in Taiwan
The highway system in Taiwan is an intricate network of roads and expressways that facilitate transportation and economic activities across the island. The highways in Taiwan are categorized into several types, each with distinct characteristics and functions. The system is integral to the transportation infrastructure of the island, supporting both urban commutes and rural connectivity.
Types of Highways
National Freeways
The national freeways form the backbone of Taiwan's highway system. These are controlled-access highways designed for fast and efficient long-distance travel. The first modern national freeway, known as National Highway 1, began construction in 1971. It stretches from Keelung in the north to the southern city of Kaohsiung, with the northern section completed in 1974 and the entire freeway finished by 1978.
Provincial Highways
Provincial highways, such as Provincial Highway 1, span significant distances and connect various regions within Taiwan. Provincial Highway 1 itself is over 461 kilometers long, running parallel to the western coast of the island. Other notable provincial highways include Provincial Highway 9, which crosses eastern Taiwan from Taipei City to Pingtung, and Provincial Highway 3, known as the Inner-Mountain Highway, which serves as a critical route between Taipei and Pingtung through the mountainous central region.
County and City Highways
County and city highways are localized networks that connect smaller towns and cities. These highways are essential for local economies and daily commutes, providing access to remote areas. They are numbered from 101 to 205.
Expressways
Expressways in Taiwan are a unique category, operating as either controlled-access highways similar to national freeways or as limited-access roads functioning as urban and intra-city expressways. They are crucial in urban traffic management and are often maintained by city governments.
Historical Development
The development of Taiwan's highway system began with the construction of the MacArthur Thruway in 1964, which was a precursor to the national freeways. This infrastructure project was part of Taiwan's broader efforts to modernize and expand its transportation capabilities during the post-war economic boom.
Motorcycles and Highways
A notable aspect of Taiwan's highway regulations pertains to the use of motorcycles, a popular mode of transportation on the island. Historically, many highways were closed to high-end motorcycles. However, since 2007, motorcycles with a cylinder capacity of at least 550 cm³ are permitted on expressways, but not on freeways. This regulatory change has spurred mixed reactions from the population.