Grand Trianon
The Grand Trianon is a remarkable French Baroque style château located in the northwestern part of the Palace of Versailles estate. This architectural gem was commissioned by Louis XIV and constructed by the renowned architect Jules Hardouin-Mansart in 1687. It was built on the site of the former Porcelain Trianon, marking a significant transformation from its predecessor.
Historical Background
The Grand Trianon was initially commissioned in 1670 as a retreat from the rigorous court life at Versailles. Louis XIV intended it as a private sanctuary where he could escape the grandeur of his royal duties and spend time with his mistress, Madame de Montespan. The château is a testament to both the personal and political life of Louis XIV, reflecting his preference for a more intimate setting compared to the opulence of the main palace.
Architectural Features
Characterized by its elegant design, the Grand Trianon is often referred to as the "Marble Trianon" due to its distinctive pink marble columns. The architecture includes a harmonious blend of classical and modern elements, making it a paragon of the Louis XIV style. The orderly gardens, designed to complement the refined architecture, were described by Félibien as being "filled with all sorts of orange trees and green shrubs." The gardens featured immense flowerbeds and terraces, with tens of thousands of aromatic flowers planted in pots, which allowed for a continuously changing floral display.
Use and Restoration
Originally serving as a private retreat for royal family members, the Grand Trianon was used by Marie Leszczynska, the wife of Louis XV, during the summer months. In 1963, Charles de Gaulle initiated a restoration project to preserve this historical site and adapt it for modern purposes. The North Wing, also known as the 'Trianon-sous-Bois wing', was converted into a presidential residence, while the main building became a venue for hosting visiting foreign dignitaries.
Connection to Other Trianons
The Grand Trianon is part of the broader Trianon estate, which includes its counterpart, the Petit Trianon. The Petit Trianon was constructed within the gardens of the Grand Trianon and is notable for its association with Marie Antoinette. Together, these structures represent the evolution of royal tastes and the interplay between personal and political spaces within the royal domain.