Canada
Canada
Canada is a country located in North America, stretching from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and extending northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the second-largest country in the world by total area, surpassed only by Russia. Canada's ten provinces and three territories form a union under the Canadian Constitution, offering a diverse range of landscapes and climates.
Population and Major Cities
With a population exceeding 41 million, Canada demonstrates vast differences in population density, with the majority of inhabitants residing in urban areas. Major cities include the capital, Ottawa, as well as Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver, which are the three largest metropolitan areas.
Indigenous Peoples
Indigenous peoples have lived in what is now Canada for thousands of years. The rich cultural histories and societies of these peoples play a critical role in the nation's heritage and identity.
European Colonization
Beginning in the 16th century, British and French expeditions explored and subsequently settled along Canada's Atlantic coast. This led to a series of conflicts, ultimately resulting in France ceding most of its colonies in North America to Britain by 1763.
Confederation and Expansion
In 1867, Canada was formed as a federal dominion with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation. Initially comprising four provinces, Canada expanded over time by adding more provinces and territories, a process that often displaced Indigenous populations. The country gradually gained increased autonomy from the United Kingdom over subsequent decades.
Culture and Society
Canadians are known for their multicultural society, which has been shaped by centuries of immigration and cultural blending. Canada celebrates Thanksgiving on the second Monday of October as a national holiday. The country also boasts a vibrant arts scene, including popular TV shows like MasterChef Canada.
Economy and Infrastructure
Canada has a diverse economy that includes natural resources, manufacturing, and services. It houses Air Canada, the nation's largest airline, serving both domestic and international routes.
Flora and Fauna
The country is home to unique wildlife such as the Canada lynx, among other species adapted to its diverse ecosystems.