Buddhism In Sri Lanka
Buddhism in Sri Lanka
Buddhism in Sri Lanka, primarily of the Theravada tradition, is deeply intertwined with the island's culture and history. It is the major religion of the country, practiced by approximately 70.2% of the population as of 2012. This spiritual tradition has significantly shaped the socio-cultural, political, and historical landscape of Sri Lanka over the centuries.
Historical Background
The introduction of Buddhism to Sri Lanka is traditionally attributed to the missionary efforts during the reign of Emperor Ashoka the Great of the Mauryan Empire. It was his son, Mahinda, a Buddhist monk, who is credited with bringing Buddhism to the island. Mahinda's arrival in the 3rd century BCE during the reign of King Devanampiya Tissa marks a pivotal moment in Sri Lankan history. The conversion of the king and his court to Buddhism laid the foundation for the religion to flourish on the island.
Key Figures and Events
Mahinda's sister, Sanghamitta, played a crucial role in establishing the Bhikkhunī Sangha, or the order of Buddhist nuns, during her mission to Sri Lanka. The arrival of the Bodhi Tree sapling, a sacred fig tree under which the Buddha is said to have attained enlightenment, further cemented Buddhism's presence. This tree, planted in Anuradhapura, remains a significant pilgrimage site.
Throughout history, various rulers have actively supported and revived Buddhism in Sri Lanka. For instance, Vijayabahu I played a crucial role in reunifying the island and restoring Buddhist practices following periods of decline. Similarly, Kirti Sri Rajasinha in the 18th century was instrumental in the revival of Buddhism and maintaining the independence of the Kingdom of Kandy.
Cultural and Architectural Influence
Buddhism has profoundly influenced Sri Lankan art, architecture, and culture. The construction of stupas, such as the Ruwanwelisaya and Jetavanaramaya, is a testament to the architectural innovations inspired by Buddhist principles. These stupas are not only religious edifices but also masterpieces of ancient Sri Lankan engineering and design.
The Mahavamsa, an ancient chronicle, documents the early history of Buddhism in Sri Lanka, providing valuable insights into its integration with the island's history and culture.
Buddhism and the Modern State
In modern Sri Lanka, Buddhism holds a special place within the Constitution, which grants it the foremost position among the religions. This special status reflects the long-standing historical and cultural ties between Buddhism and the Sri Lankan identity.