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New Glenn

New Glenn is a heavy-lift launch vehicle developed by Blue Origin. Named after the celebrated NASA astronaut John Glenn, the first American astronaut to orbit Earth, this launch vehicle represents a significant leap in Blue Origin's ambitions to make space more accessible.

Vehicle Specifications

New Glenn is designed to be a partially reusable heavy-lift launch vehicle. It is offered in both two-stage and three-stage variants, depending on the mission requirements. The vehicle is engineered to transport payloads to a variety of orbits, including geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) and low Earth orbit (LEO).

First Stage: BE-4 Engine

The first stage of the New Glenn is powered by seven BE-4 engines. These engines are revolutionary in their use of liquefied methane (LCH4) and liquid oxygen (LOX) as propellants, making them more environmentally friendly and cost-effective compared to traditional rocket fuels. The use of liquefied methane reduces the production of soot, which is a common byproduct in kerosene-based engines. Additionally, methane can be sourced more sustainably and has a higher efficiency in specific impulse.

Second Stage: BE-3U Engine

The second stage uses two BE-3U engines, which are variants of the BE-3PM engine used in the New Shepard suborbital vehicle. These engines are optimized for vacuum operations and utilize liquid hydrogen (LH2) and liquid oxygen (LOX) as propellants, achieving high efficiency and performance.

Payload Fairing

The payload fairing of New Glenn is among the largest in the industry, with a diameter of 7 meters. This allows the vehicle to carry more voluminous and sensitive payloads, including large satellites, space station modules, and interplanetary spacecraft.

Key Technologies

Reusability

One of the hallmark features of New Glenn is its reusability. The first stage is designed to be reusable for up to 25 missions, significantly reducing the cost per launch. After stage separation, the first stage returns to Earth, performing a controlled landing on a maritime platform.

Autonomous Landing and Recovery

The autonomous landing system in New Glenn utilizes a combination of GPS, inertial measurement units (IMUs), and onboard computers to execute a precise landing. This system ensures the safe recovery of the first stage for refurbishment and reuse.

Advanced Materials

The rocket's construction employs advanced materials like carbon composites and aluminum-lithium alloys. These materials offer a strong yet lightweight structure, enhancing the vehicle's performance and payload capacity.

Cryogenic Propellants

Utilizing cryogenic propellants such as liquid methane and liquid hydrogen plays a crucial role in the engine's efficiency. Cryogenic propellants must be stored at extremely low temperatures, thus requiring specialized storage and handling equipment.

Missions

New Glenn is intended for a wide array of missions, from commercial satellite launches to government and defense missions, and potentially even crewed missions. It aims to compete with other heavy-lift launch vehicles like SpaceX's Falcon Heavy and United Launch Alliance's Delta IV Heavy.

Astronaut John Glenn

The vehicle is aptly named after John Glenn, a pioneer in American space exploration. Glenn's historic flight on Mercury-Atlas 6 marked a significant milestone in the Space Race, inspiring generations of space enthusiasts and professionals.

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Key Technologies and Missions of Blue Origin

Key Technologies

Blue Origin is renowned for its cutting-edge technologies, primarily its rocket engines and spacecraft designs. Among its pivotal developments are the BE-3 and BE-4 engines.

BE-3 Rocket Engine

The BE-3 is a liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen rocket engine. The development of this engine began in the early 2010s, emphasizing a reusable engine design suitable for vertical takeoffs and landings. The BE-3 is used in the New Shepard suborbital vehicle, facilitating both manned and cargo missions. Its innovative design allows for deep throttling, enabling precise control during landing missions.

BE-4 Rocket Engine

The BE-4 is a liquid rocket engine that uses an oxygen-rich, liquefied methane fuel and operates on a staged combustion cycle. This engine is significant due to its role in the New Glenn launch vehicle and collaborations with other aerospace entities, such as ULA for the Vulcan Centaur rocket. The BE-4 represents a shift towards more cost-effective, reusable engines that support different mission profiles, including launches to geostationary transfer orbit and beyond.

New Glenn

The New Glenn is a heavy-lift launch vehicle designed to have a partially reusable two-stage design. Designed for a wide array of missions, New Glenn aims to provide robust capabilities for launching payloads to orbit, supporting commercial, civil, and national security objectives. The rocket launches from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, with future missions planned from Vandenberg Space Force Base.

Blue Moon Spacecraft

The Blue Moon is a lunar lander developed by a consortium led by Blue Origin. The project includes partnerships with Lockheed Martin, Draper, Boeing, Astrobotic, and Honeybee Robotics. Blue Moon is designed for missions to the lunar surface, supporting both crewed and uncrewed missions to aid in NASA's Artemis program.

Missions

Blue Origin's commitment to space travel is evident in its diverse array of missions, primarily conducted through the New Shepard suborbital vehicle.

New Shepard Missions

Suborbital Space Tourism

The New Shepard rocket has been central to Blue Origin's space tourism ambitions. Notable missions include Blue Origin NS-16 and Blue Origin NS-18, which carried the first customers and celebrities like William Shatner into space. These missions have demonstrated the viability of suborbital space tourism, offering a new dimension of commercial spaceflight.

Scientific and Cargo Missions

In addition to space tourism, the New Shepard has undertaken numerous scientific and cargo missions. Missions such as Blue Origin NS-17 and Blue Origin NS-23 have facilitated experiments in microgravity, contributing to scientific advancements across various fields. These missions provide a platform for researchers to test equipment and conduct experiments in a near-space environment.

Lunar and Orbital Ambitions

In collaboration with NASA and other agencies, Blue Origin aims to contribute to lunar exploration through the Blue Moon project. Furthermore, the development of the New Glenn rocket underpins its future orbital missions, which will expand payload capabilities and support a broader range of commercial and scientific objectives.

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Blue Origin

Blue Origin Enterprises, L.P. is a pioneering American space technology company headquartered in Kent, Washington. Founded in 2000 by Jeff Bezos, the company has steadily made its mark in the realm of space exploration and space tourism through the development and operation of innovative launch vehicles and rocket engines.

New Shepard Program

The New Shepard is a fully reusable suborbital launch vehicle developed for space tourism. Named after Alan Shepard, the first American astronaut to travel into space, New Shepard has been central to Blue Origin's mission to make space travel more accessible. The program achieved a significant milestone in 2015 with the first successful uncrewed launch and landing, showcasing the potential for reusable rocket technology.

In 2021, Blue Origin celebrated the New Shepard’s first crewed mission, with founder Jeff Bezos on board. This mission successfully crossed the Kármán line, widely recognized as the boundary of space, situated at 100 kilometers (62 miles) above sea level.

New Glenn Rocket

The New Glenn is Blue Origin's heavy-lift launch vehicle designed to revolutionize access to orbit. It is a partially reusable, two-stage rocket intended for a variety of missions, from launching satellites to supporting interplanetary exploration. New Glenn represents another leap in Blue Origin's efforts to establish a robust presence in the commercial spaceflight industry.

Rocket Engine Development

Blue Origin also excels in the development of advanced rocket engines. The BE-4 rocket engine, for example, is a pivotal component of Blue Origin's technological advancements. In January 2023, the company marked a significant achievement by delivering its first BE-4 engine to United Launch Alliance, where it is used in their Vulcan Centaur launch vehicle.

Facilities and Infrastructure

Blue Origin operates several development, manufacturing, and test facilities across the United States, including in Washington, Texas, and Florida. These facilities are instrumental in supporting their diverse range of projects, from the New Shepard to the New Glenn rockets.

Challenges and Criticism

Despite its achievements, Blue Origin has faced criticism for its pace of development, particularly when compared with competitors like SpaceX. Nevertheless, its contributions to the field of reusable rocket technology and space tourism have been noteworthy.

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