American Enlightenment

The American Enlightenment was a significant period of intellectual and philosophical development located primarily in the British Thirteen Colonies during the 18th to 19th centuries. This era significantly contributed to the American Revolution and the subsequent formation of the United States. The American Enlightenment was heavily influenced by the broader Age of Enlightenment that swept through Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries.

Intellectual Foundations

The American Enlightenment was characterized by a robust exchange of ideas and a focus on reason, science, and education. It was influenced by notable thinkers from the greater Enlightenment period. Ideas concerning democracy and republicanism became prominent during this time, laying the groundwork for modern American political thought.

Prominent Figures

Several key figures played pivotal roles during the American Enlightenment. Among them were presidents of educational institutions and religious leaders, who often doubled as philosophers:

• Jonathan Edwards, a Puritan theologian known for his firebrand sermons and philosophical writings.
• Thomas Clap, a significant influence in the development of Yale University.
• Ezra Stiles, who served as the president of Yale and was a prominent intellectual.
• John Witherspoon, a Presbyterian minister and influential educator.
• Samuel Johnson, an Anglican moral philosopher who championed Enlightenment ideals.

Influence and Legacy

The American Enlightenment's impact extended beyond philosophy; it influenced a wide range of fields including politics, education, and religion. Its ideas can be seen in the founding documents of the United States, such as the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, which echo the Enlightenment's emphasis on liberty, justice, and the pursuit of happiness.

The spread of Enlightenment ideas in America was facilitated by events such as the donation of a collection of Enlightenment books by Jeremiah Dummer to Yale University in 1714, marking a notable point in the intellectual expansion of the colonies.

Related Topics

• Scottish Enlightenment
• Spanish Enlightenment
• Dark Enlightenment
• Philosophy of the Founding Fathers

The American Enlightenment remains a critical period of transformation that contributed significantly to shaping modern American society through its advancement of key Enlightenment principles.