Two-Dimensional Graphics

Two-Dimensional Graphics (2D graphics) are a type of computer graphics that use two-dimensional models to create digital images. This form of graphics is primarily utilized for applications such as digital art, user interfaces, and video game graphics. Unlike 3D computer graphics, which render images in three dimensions, 2D graphics operate on a flat plane. Key components of 2D graphics include vector graphics and raster graphics.

Vector Graphics

Vector graphics are created using mathematical formulas to define geometric shapes such as points, lines, curves, and polygons. These graphics are generated from a series of commands or mathematical statements that place lines and shapes in a given Cartesian plane. This approach enables images to be scaled to any size without loss of quality, making vector graphics ideal for logos, typography, and technical illustrations.

Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) are a common format for vector graphics, defined using XML, which supports interactivity and animation. Vector graphics are often created and edited using a vector graphics editor such as Adobe Illustrator or CorelDRAW.

Raster Graphics

Raster graphics, also known as bitmap graphics, are formed by a grid of pixels, each having its own color. Unlike vector graphics, raster graphics are resolution-dependent, meaning they can lose quality when resized. Common raster formats include JPEG, PNG, and GIF. These formats are widely used for photographs and complex images with many colors.

Raster graphics editors like Adobe Photoshop, allow users to edit pixel-based images interactively. They provide tools for altering the color, brightness, and contrast of an image, as well as for cropping and resizing it.

Applications of 2D Graphics

2D graphics are integral to various fields including:

Digital Art: Artists use 2D graphics software for creating illustrations and complex designs.
User Interfaces: Most graphical user interfaces are designed using 2D graphics.
Video Games: Many video games, especially those with retro or indie styles, employ 2D graphics. Games with isometric graphics often use pre-rendered 2D graphics for a three-dimensional appearance.

The versatility of 2D graphics makes them essential in fields ranging from web design to animation.

Image Tracing

An important process in the world of graphics is image tracing, also known as raster-to-vector conversion. This involves converting raster images into vector formats, allowing for scalability and more efficient storage.

Graphics Software

There is a broad array of software available for creating and managing both vector and raster graphics. Each software has its unique strengths, catering to certain types of projects more effectively. Graphics software can be classified into specialized tools for either vector or raster graphics, or even hybrid tools that incorporate features of both.