Tourism in Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka, often referred to as the "Pearl of the Indian Ocean," is a renowned tourist destination. The country's tourism industry is a significant contributor to the economy of Sri Lanka, drawing millions of international tourists annually. Foreign visitors are attracted to the island's diverse offerings, including its rich nature, abundant wildlife, numerous historical monuments, and vibrant indigenous culture.
Historical Background
The history of tourism in Sri Lanka dates back to 1937 with the establishment of the Ceylon Tourist Bureau. However, the bureau was closed during World War II in 1939. Following Sri Lanka's independence, the Ceylon Tourist Board was re-established to promote tourism. The industry received a significant boost after the conclusion of the Sri Lankan Civil War in 2009, which opened the country to more foreign investment and tourist activities.
Attractions and Activities
One of the major draws for tourists is the country's lush landscapes, which are perfect for ecotourism. Organizations like the Sri Lanka Ecotourism Foundation aim to utilize tourism as a tool for social and environmental betterment. Tourists can explore World Heritage Sites across the island, encompassing sacred cities, ancient ruins, and colonial fortresses.
The pristine beaches of Sri Lanka are ideal for surfing, a sport closely tied to the country's tourism sector. The Sri Lanka Tourism Promotion Bureau actively markets surfing hotspots, attracting enthusiasts from around the globe.
Economic and Social Impacts
In 2018, Sri Lanka recorded a peak of 2.5 million tourist arrivals, generating US$5.6 billion, which significantly bolstered the local economy. However, the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 caused a drastic 92% decline in tourist numbers. As of 2022, the industry had not fully rebounded to pre-pandemic levels. The government continues to encourage foreign investment to rejuvenate the sector.
While tourism contributes positively to the economy, challenges such as prostitution and child sex tourism have emerged. Efforts are ongoing to address and mitigate these adverse effects.
Infrastructure and Development
The Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority oversees the expansion and regulation of the tourism infrastructure, which includes a mix of classified and unclassified hotels. As per recent reports, there are 156 classified and 228 unclassified tourist hotels across the country.
To facilitate visitor access, the visa policy of Sri Lanka requires tourists to obtain an Electronic Travel Authorization prior to arrival for short stays.