Timor-Leste

Timor-Leste, also known as East Timor, officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, is a country in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the coastal exclave of Oecusse in the island's northwest, and the islands of Atauro and Jaco. The total land area of Timor-Leste is approximately 14,950 square kilometers (5,770 sq mi). It shares a land border with Indonesia to the west, while Australia lies to the south, across the Timor Sea.

Historical Background

The history of Timor-Leste is marked by a series of colonial and occupation periods. Cultural remains at Jerimalai on the eastern tip of Timor-Leste have been dated back to 42,000 years ago, highlighting the area's ancient habitation. The first known inhabitants arrived during the Australo-Melanesian migration, likely bringing the precursors to today's Papuan languages.

In the 16th century, the island became a focal point for European colonial powers, specifically the Portuguese, who maintained control until the mid-20th century. Following a brief period of independence in 1975, Timor-Leste was invaded and occupied by Indonesia. The subsequent Indonesian occupation was characterized by severe human rights violations, including the infamous East Timor genocide.

Independence and Government

Resistance against Indonesian rule persisted throughout the occupation, leading to a United Nations-sponsored act of self-determination in 1999, which resulted in Indonesia relinquishing control. On May 20, 2002, Timor-Leste became the first new sovereign state of the 21st century. The country is now a democratic republic with its political structure comprising the President of Timor-Leste, the Prime Minister, and the National Parliament.

Culture and Society

Timor-Leste has a rich cultural heritage that reflects its Austronesian and Portuguese influences. The official languages are Portuguese and Tetum, with Bahasa Indonesia and English recognized as working languages.

The Timor-Leste Defence Force, known as F-FDTL, is the country's military organization, responsible for defense and security. Timor-Leste has embraced its cultural diversity, with traditional dances, music, and crafts playing a significant role in societal life.

Geography and Environment

Timor-Leste's diverse landscapes include coastal plains, rolling hills, and rugged mountains. Its climate is predominantly tropical, with distinct wet and dry seasons. The country's biodiversity includes unique flora and fauna, some of which are endemic to the region.

Accession to ASEAN