Sri Dalada Maligawa: The Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic
The Sri Dalada Maligawa, commonly known as the Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic, is a Buddhist temple located in Kandy, Sri Lanka. This venerated temple is situated within the Royal Palace Complex of Kandy, which was once the kingdom's royal residence. It houses one of the most sacred relics in the Buddhist world: a tooth of Gautama Buddha.
Historical Significance
The relic of the Buddha's tooth has historically been a symbol of sovereignty and political authority in Sri Lanka. The belief that whoever holds the relic holds the governance of the island dates back to the time of the Anuradhapura Kingdom, the Kingdom of Polonnaruwa, and the Kingdom of Dambadeniya. Custodianship of the relic was synonymous with the right to rule, making the temple a central focus of political power.
Architectural Overview
The Temple of the Tooth is a magnificent example of traditional Kandyan architecture. It features elaborate carvings, sculptures, and paintings, all reflecting the rich artistic heritage of the region. This architectural marvel not only serves as a religious site but also as a testament to the cultural and historical depth of Sri Lanka.
Rituals and Practices
The temple is active with daily Buddhist rituals performed by bhikkhus from the Malwathu and Asgiri chapters. Rituals are conducted three times a day—at dawn, noon, and in the evening. A unique ritual, known as the Nanumura Mangallaya, is performed every Wednesday. This involves a symbolic bathing of the relic with a herbal preparation made from scented water and fragrant flowers, believed to have healing properties.
The Kandy Esala Perahera
One of the most significant cultural events connected to the Temple of the Tooth is the annual Kandy Esala Perahera. This event is a grand procession that pays homage to the sacred relic, featuring traditional dancers, drummers, and lavishly decorated elephants. It is considered a unique symbol of Sri Lankan heritage and attracts visitors from around the world.
Incidents and Attacks
The temple has been the target of attacks, notably in 1989 and 1998, reflecting its continued importance in the religious and political landscape of Sri Lanka. These attacks have only reinforced the temple's significance and the resilience of its cultural legacy.
The Diyawadana Nilame
The Diyawadana Nilame is the chief lay custodian of the Temple of the Tooth. This role was historically part of the royal household and is now a significant trustee position responsible for maintaining the temple's traditions and ensuring the protection of the relic.