System Architecture
System architecture is a multifaceted term within the domains of computer science and engineering. It refers to the conceptual model that delineates the structure, behavior, and views of a computer system, providing a comprehensive blueprint of its components and their interconnections.
A system architecture is not merely a static diagram but a dynamic framework that integrates various components into a cohesive whole. It encompasses a formal description of the system or a detailed plan at the component level, serving as a guide for implementation. This architecture involves critical decisions and strategic inventions about the overall structure, which include essential elements, their interrelationships, characteristics, and behaviors.
Components of System Architecture
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Hardware and Software Integration: It involves the mapping of software architecture onto hardware architecture. This integration is crucial for system functionality and performance, as seen in the Heterogeneous System Architecture (HSA) which allows for the seamless integration of central processing units (CPUs) and graphics processing units (GPUs).
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Human Interaction: The architecture considers human interaction with system components, ensuring usability and accessibility. This aspect is vital in software architecture, where user interface design is a key component.
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Design Architecture: System architecture also includes the design architectures for products and their life-cycle processes, ensuring that systems are scalable, maintainable, and adaptable to changes.
Types of System Architecture
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Open Systems Architecture: This is an approach aimed at creating systems that are inherently interoperable and connectable. It promotes the use of open standards and interfaces to facilitate integration and cooperation among different systems.
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Enterprise Architecture: This type encompasses the design and maintenance of an entire organization's information systems. It ensures that IT resources align with business objectives and processes.
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Multiprocessor System Architecture: Refers to a hardware architecture that supports multiprocessing, allowing multiple processors to work simultaneously. This architecture enhances system performance and efficiency.
Evolution and Examples
The evolution of system architecture is evident in developments like the System Architecture Evolution (SAE) for mobile communications, which is integral to the 3GPP's LTE wireless communication standard. Historical examples, such as the IBM System/370, illustrate the advancements in architecture design and its pivotal role in computing history.
Related Topics
System architecture serves as the foundation of modern technological systems, guiding the development and implementation of complex computing infrastructure.