The Sham Chun River
The Sham Chun River, also known as the Shenzhen River (Chinese: 深圳河; pinyin: Shēnzhèn Hé), is a significant geographical feature that acts as a natural border between Hong Kong and mainland China. The river's source is located at Wutong Mountain in the city of Shenzhen, Guangdong. As a crucial natural demarcation, it separates the Yuen Long District, North District, and the city of Shenzhen.
Geography and Course
The Sham Chun River receives water from several tributaries, including the Ping Yuen River, Shek Sheung River, Sheung Yue River, Ng Tung River, Buji River, and Tan Shan River. Additionally, when the Shenzhen Reservoir is full, it also contributes to the Sham Chun River. The river ultimately flows into Deep Bay, also known as Hau Hoi Wan or Shenzhen Bay.
Historical Significance
The river holds historical significance as it marks the boundary established under the Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory, which further delineated the territories between British Hong Kong and the Qing Dynasty. Over time, engineering efforts to straighten the river have slightly altered its course, affecting the surrounding landmasses such as the Lok Ma Chau Loop.
Environmental and Societal Impact
The Sham Chun River is central to the region's ecology and serves as a boundary for migration and trade between two major economic zones. The river's banks are home to numerous crossing points, including the Lok Ma Chau Control Point and Lo Wu, facilitating transportation and trade. The river environment supports a diverse range of wildlife and plays a crucial role in the geography of Hong Kong.
Cultural and Political Importance
The Sham Chun River is more than a physical boundary; it represents cultural and political divisions and collaborations between Hong Kong and Shenzhen. The relationship between these regions is pivotal for local governance, cross-border cooperation, and economic exchanges. Notably, Leung Chun-ying, a member of the Executive Council, emphasized the close relationship between these two urban entities along the river.