Pontifical Vestments
Pontifical vestments, also known as episcopal vestments or pontificals, are the liturgical vestments worn by bishops and, by special concession, some other prelates within various Christian denominations, including the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Church, Anglican Communion, and some Lutheran churches. These vestments are worn in addition to the usual priestly vestments during the celebration of the Mass, other sacraments, sacramentals, and canonical hours.
Components of Pontifical Vestments
Mitre
The mitre is a tall, pointed hat that is a distinctive part of the bishop's attire. It symbolizes the bishop's governing authority. There are different forms of the mitre, including the simple mitre, the golden mitre, and the precious mitre.
Crozier
The crozier is a ceremonial staff that resembles a shepherd's crook, symbolizing the bishop's role as the shepherd of his flock. It is used during liturgical celebrations and other formal occasions.
Pectoral Cross
The pectoral cross is worn on a chain around the neck and rests on the chest. It signifies the bishop's role as a witness to the resurrection of Jesus Christ.
Episcopal Ring
The episcopal ring is a symbol of the bishop's fidelity to the Church. It is worn on the ring finger of the right hand and is often adorned with a gemstone.
Tunicle and Dalmatic
The tunicle and dalmatic are garments worn over the alb and under the chasuble. The tunicle is usually worn by subdeacons, while the dalmatic is worn by deacons. In a pontifical context, the bishop also wears these garments.
Pontifical Gloves
Pontifical gloves are liturgical gloves worn by bishops during Mass. They are usually made of silk and decorated with symbols of the bishop's office.
Episcopal Sandals
Episcopal sandals, or pontifical sandals, are special footwear worn by bishops during liturgical functions. They are often paired with liturgical stockings known as buskins.
Pontifical High Mass
A Pontifical High Mass, also called a Solemn Pontifical Mass, is a Solemn or High Mass celebrated by a bishop. It involves specific ceremonies and the use of the full array of pontifical vestments.
Choir Dress
When not celebrating or presiding over liturgical functions, bishops wear choir dress. This typically includes a cassock, surplice, and sometimes a cope. Choir dress is distinct from the vestments worn during the actual celebration of the liturgy.
Usage in Different Denominations
While the basic components of pontifical vestments remain consistent, their specific forms and usages can vary between different Christian traditions. For example, in Eastern Christianity, similar vestments exist but are known by Greek terms and have unique characteristics specific to the Eastern liturgical tradition.