Platform Video Games
Platform video games, often referred to as platformers, are a video game genre characterized by the player navigating a protagonist through a series of levels with varying terrain, suspended platforms, and obstacles that require jumping and climbing to progress. This genre often includes other acrobatic maneuvers such as swinging from vines, using grappling hooks, wall-jumping, gliding, or bouncing off trampolines. The main objective is to reach a specific endpoint within each level.
Origins and Evolution
One of the earliest precursors of the platform genre was the 1980 arcade game Space Panic. Space Panic introduced the concept of climbing and using ladders but lacked the jumping element, which is now a hallmark of platformers. Another early title, Crazy Climber, released in 1980 by Nichibutsu, featured a character scaling skyscrapers. While these games laid the groundwork, they did not include the platforming mechanics as we know them today.
The game credited with establishing the platforming genre is Donkey Kong, developed by Nintendo and released in 1981. Donkey Kong was the first game to introduce jumping over obstacles and gaps, a fundamental mechanic in platformers. The character Mario, who debuted in Donkey Kong, became iconic in the genre and later starred in the seminal Super Mario Bros., which further defined and popularized platform games in the 1980s.
Development and Popularity
Throughout the late 1980s and early 1990s, platform games became known as "character action games," especially those featuring named protagonists like Sonic the Hedgehog and Bubsy. The proliferation of these games contributed to the broader classification of side-scrolling video games, which include run-and-gun titles like Gunstar Heroes.
By 1989, the term "platform game" had become widely accepted, particularly in the United Kingdom. During this era, platformers were among the most popular and innovative genres, leading to the creation of numerous beloved franchises. These games were primarily released on home consoles such as the Nintendo Entertainment System, Sega Genesis, and Super Nintendo Entertainment System.
Design and Gameplay Mechanics
Platform games typically feature a series of levels with increasing difficulty, where players must time their jumps and movements to avoid obstacles and defeat enemies. The design often includes:
- Level Design: Complex layouts with traps, puzzles, and hidden areas.
- Power-Ups: Items that grant temporary abilities like invincibility or enhanced movement.
- Boss Battles: Challenging encounters with powerful enemies at the end of levels.
- Collectibles: Items scattered throughout levels that can unlock bonuses or progress the game.
Influence and Legacy
The success of platform games has led to their enduring legacy in the video game industry. They have influenced numerous other genres and game designs, contributing to the development of action-adventure games and hybrid genres. Modern platformers, such as those in the indie game scene, continue to innovate by incorporating new mechanics and storytelling techniques.