Phidias
Phidias was an ancient Greek sculptor, painter, and architect, considered one of the greatest of his time. Born around 480 BC, he is best known for his involvement in creating some of the most renowned Classical Greek sculptures, notably those that adorned the Parthenon in Athens.
Early Life and Education
Phidias was born in Athens, around 480 BC. His early training details are sparse, but it is believed he studied under a sculptor named Ageladas. Phidias's work, recognized for its grandeur and beauty, often depicted deities and mythological subjects, which were central to Greek culture and religion.
Major Works
Phidias is most celebrated for his three monumental statues of the goddess Athena and the statue of Zeus at Olympia, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
Athena Parthenos
The Athena Parthenos was a colossal gold and ivory statue housed in the Parthenon on the Athenian Acropolis. Constructed around 438 BC, this statue famously depicted the goddess Athena fully armed, holding Nike, the goddess of victory. Phidias supervised a large team of artisans to complete this majestic work.
Athena Promachos
The Athena Promachos was another giant statue of Athena, notable for its size and presence. This bronze statue stood on the Acropolis, serving as a symbol of Athenian defense. It was one of Phidias's earliest large-scale works, crafted around 456 BC.
Zeus at Olympia
The Statue of Zeus at Olympia, another chryselephantine sculpture, was located in the Temple of Zeus and considered one of Phidias's masterpieces. This statue portrayed Zeus seated on a magnificent throne, adorned with gold and ivory, capturing the god's majesty and authority.
Influence and Legacy
Phidias's use of the chryselephantine technique, utilizing gold and ivory, set a benchmark for artistic achievement in ancient Greece. His works not only exemplified the artistic excellence of the Classical period but also embodied the cultural and religious values of the time. While the original statues of Phidias have not survived, their influence is evident in ancient descriptions and later artistic endeavors.
Controversies and Trials
During his career, Phidias faced accusations of embezzling gold meant for the statue of Athena Parthenos. He also encountered claims of impiety, particularly for depicting himself and Pericles on Athena’s shield. These charges led to his temporary imprisonment, but the details of these events remain largely speculative.