Partisan Review
The Partisan Review was an influential American periodical that played a significant role in the literary and political culture of the 20th century. It was first published in 1934 and was known for its leftist views, cultural commentary, and literary criticism. The magazine was co-founded by William Phillips and Philip Rahv, both of whom were prominent figures among the New York Intellectuals.
Historical Context
Partisan Review emerged during a time of considerable political and social upheaval. The Great Depression had a profound impact on American society, and intellectuals were grappling with the rise of fascism and other authoritarian regimes in Europe. The magazine initially had Trotskyist leanings, reflecting the founders' Marxist inclinations.
Evolution and Impact
Over time, Partisan Review transitioned from its initial left-wing politics to a more centrist and at times even conservative stance, especially during the period of the Cold War. This shift was emblematic of the broader movement among the New York Intellectuals, who often debated the merits of liberalism, socialism, and communism.
The magazine became a critical platform for some of the most prominent intellectuals and writers of the time, including James Baldwin, Susan Sontag, and Clement Greenberg. Baldwin's essays, such as "Everybody's Protest Novel" and "Many Thousands Gone," were first published in Partisan Review, contributing significantly to discussions on race relations in America. Sontag's influential essay, "Notes on 'Camp'," was also featured in this magazine.
Literary and Cultural Contributions
Partisan Review was not only a political voice but also a bastion for modernist literature and art. It published works by writers and poets who were pushing the boundaries of traditional literature, fostering the Modernist movement. The magazine's art criticism section, led by figures like Clement Greenberg, was seminal in the promotion of Abstract Expressionism.
Legacy
Despite ceasing publication in 2003, Partisan Review's legacy endures. It was a crucible for debate and change, influencing generations of writers, artists, and intellectuals. The magazine is remembered for its rigorous analysis, cultural critiques, and its role in shaping the intellectual landscape of the 20th century.