Myristic Acid

Myristic acid, also known as tetradecanoic acid, is a saturated fatty acid with the chemical formula CH₃(CH₂)₁₂COOH. This compound is notable for its role in numerous biological and industrial applications. Myristic acid was first isolated in 1841 by Lyon Playfair from the nutmeg plant, which is botanically named Myristica fragrans—a name that also inspired the acid's nomenclature.

Occurrence

Myristic acid is prevalent in several natural sources. It is a significant component of nutmeg butter, where it constitutes approximately 75% of the triglyceride trimyristin. Apart from nutmeg, it is found in oils such as palm kernel oil and coconut oil, as well as in butterfat. It is also present in bovine milk and human breast milk, contributing to the dietary intake of saturated fats.

Chemical Properties

As a saturated fatty acid, myristic acid lacks double bonds between its carbon atoms, which contributes to its solid state at room temperature. This structural property makes it an essential component in various industrial applications, including cosmetics and personal care products.

Biological Role

In biological systems, myristic acid plays a crucial role in a process known as myristoylation, where it is covalently attached to proteins, aiding their interaction with cell membranes. This modification is essential for protein function and cellular signaling.

Myristic acid is also involved in the metabolism of fatty acids, contributing to the complex processes of energy storage and hormonal synthesis. Its presence in dietary fats has been studied extensively due to its impact on cholesterol levels and cardiovascular health.

Industrial Uses

In the industrial domain, myristic acid is utilized in the production of esters such as isopropyl myristate, which is a common ingredient in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, providing a smooth texture and aiding in the absorption of topical products.

Related Compounds