Moravia
Moravia is a historical region situated in the eastern part of the Czech Republic, named after the Morava River which flows through the region from north to south. It is one of the three historical Czech lands, alongside Bohemia and Silesia, and has played a significant role in the history of Central Europe.
Geography and Demographics
Covering an area of approximately 22,623 square kilometers, Moravia is home to about 3 million people, who are primarily of Czech descent. The inhabitants of Moravia are historically referred to as Moravians, a subgroup of Czechs, distinguishing them from the Bohemians.
The largest city in Moravia is Brno, which has historically served as the region's capital. Another significant city is Olomouc, which was the capital before being sacked by the Swedish army during the Thirty Years' War. Olomouc is also the seat of the Archdiocese of Olomouc.
Historical Context
Great Moravia
Great Moravia was an early medieval Slavic state that existed in the 9th and early 10th centuries. This kingdom played a crucial role in the spread of Christianity in Central Europe, largely through the efforts of Saints Cyril and Methodius.
Margraviate of Moravia
The Margraviate of Moravia was established as a crown land of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown in 1348. It was an imperial state within the Holy Roman Empire from 1004 to 1806 and was part of the Austrian Empire from 1804 to 1867 and Austria-Hungary from 1867 to 1918.
Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
In the 20th century, following the German occupation of Czechoslovakia, the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia was established by Nazi Germany in 1939. This period was marked by significant political and social upheaval.
Cultural and Economic Influence
Moravia has long been a cultural hub in Central Europe, with its traditions and folklore contributing to the rich tapestry of Czech culture. The region is known for its wine production, particularly in the southern areas around the town of Mikulov, and has a strong tradition of folk music and dance.
Economically, Moravia has been pivotal due to its industrial developments. The city of Brno, in particular, has been a center for industry and higher education, housing several notable universities, including Masaryk University.
Notable Figures
Moravia has been home to several notable historical figures, including Jobst of Moravia, a member of the House of Luxembourg who was elected King of the Romans, and Alberto Moravia, an Italian novelist and journalist known for his works exploring modern social themes.