Migration and Asylum Policy of the European Union
The migration and asylum policy of the European Union (EU) is a critical component of its area of freedom, security, and justice. This policy framework is established to develop and harmonize principles and measures across EU member states to regulate migration processes and address issues related to asylum and refugee status within the Union.
Historical Foundations
The roots of the EU's migration policy can be traced back to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, an international agreement that emerged from Article 14 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This foundational document provides the definition and rights of refugees and is a cornerstone of international refugee law.
Legal Framework
The current legal bases for the EU's harmonized legislative framework on asylum are found in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. These documents provide the necessary legal structures for the creation of EU-wide policies that align the actions of member states in handling migration and asylum.
Dublin Regulation
The Dublin Regulation is a key legislative act that determines which member state is responsible for examining an asylum application lodged in the EU. This regulation aims to prevent multiple asylum claims by the same individual in different EU countries, often referred to as "asylum shopping."
New Pact on Migration and Asylum
The New Pact on Migration and Asylum is an initiative aimed at reforming the EU's approach to migration. It includes a set of proposals intended to create a more comprehensive and balanced approach to migration and asylum, addressing both the rights of asylum seekers and the responsibilities of member states.
Externalization of Asylum Procedures
The externalization of asylum procedures is a significant aspect of the EU's migration strategy. This approach involves relocating the reception, accommodation, and processing of asylum seekers' applications to locations near EU borders or in third countries where asylum seekers may originate or transit. This strategy is part of an effort to manage migration flows effectively and reduce the burden on specific EU countries.
Challenges and Responses
The 2015 European migrant crisis highlighted the need for a cohesive EU migration and asylum policy. The crisis resulted in a significant influx of refugees and migrants, primarily from conflict zones such as Syria and Afghanistan, testing the resilience of the EU's existing frameworks.
Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs
The Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs plays a pivotal role in ensuring the security of the Schengen Area and building a cohesive EU migration and asylum policy. This body is responsible for promoting cooperation between member states in managing borders and addressing security challenges.