Michael III of the Byzantine Empire
Michael III, also known infamously as "Michael the Drunkard," reigned as Byzantine Emperor from 842 to 867. His reign is notably marked by the end of the Byzantine Iconoclasm and the beginnings of the Macedonian Renaissance, a period of cultural revival and intellectual activity in the empire.
Early Life and Ascension
Michael III was born on January 9/10, 840, as the youngest child of Emperor Theophilos and Theodora. Following his father's death, his mother served as regent until he came of age. Theodora's regency is remembered for her successful efforts to restore the veneration of icons in 843, bringing an end to the iconoclastic controversy.
Reign and Political Intrigues
Throughout his reign, Michael III faced numerous political machinations, particularly from his uncle and powerful Caesar Bardas, who effectively took control of the administration. Bardas was a significant influence in Michael's court, and he played a critical role in the empire’s military and diplomatic strategies.
Michael III was also known for his controversial personal life. His marriage to Eudokia Dekapolitissa was childless, which led to his affair with Eudokia Ingerina, daughter of the Varangian guard Inger. To avoid scandal, Eudokia Ingerina was married to Michael's trusted courtier and chamberlain, Basil the Macedonian, who later rose to prominence.
Military Campaigns and Religious Influence
During Michael's reign, significant efforts were made to strengthen Byzantine influence over Bulgaria. Concerned about the potential conversion of Boris I of Bulgaria to Christianity under Frankish influence, Michael and Bardas launched an invasion, which resulted in Boris's conversion to Christianity according to the Byzantine rite, solidifying religious and political ties.
Downfall and Legacy
The later years of Michael's reign were overshadowed by the rise of Basil, who had been proclaimed co-emperor in 866. Basil's ambition and the complex web of court intrigue ultimately led to the assassination of Michael III in 867. This event marked the end of the Amorian dynasty and the beginning of the Macedonian dynasty, which Basil I would establish.
Michael III's reign, though often overshadowed by his personal excesses, was a pivotal period that laid the groundwork for the cultural and political transformations of the Byzantine Empire.