Meseta Central

The Meseta Central is a significant geographical formation in the heart of the Iberian Peninsula. This expansive plateau, sometimes referred to as the "Inner Plateau," covers a large portion of central Spain and is central to the country's topographical identity.

Geographical Features

The Meseta Central is characterized by its considerable elevation and vast expanse, spanning approximately 81,000 square miles (210,000 square kilometers). It is distinguished by its average elevation of about 2,165 feet (660 meters), making it a prominent feature in the landscape of the Iberian Peninsula. This plateau is known for its diverse and complex geological history, marking it as the oldest formation in the region.

Topographical Division

The Sistema Central mountain range bisects the plateau, creating two distinct sub-units: the Submeseta Norte and the Submeseta Sur.

Submeseta Norte: Situated to the north of the Sistema Central, this area features heights mostly ranging from 700 to 800 meters. It is predominantly drained by the river Douro.
Submeseta Sur: Located south of the mountain range, the elevation here typically ranges from 600 to 700 meters. This sub-region is primarily drained by the Tagus and Guadiana rivers.

Surrounding Features

The Meseta Central is surrounded by other significant geographical regions and formations. The plateau is flanked by the Cantabrian Mountains to the north, the Iberian System to the east, and the Sierra Morena to the south. Additionally, the Portuguese border lies to the west, showcasing the Meseta's centrality in the broader landscape of Spain and surrounding areas.

Historical and Cultural Significance

The concept of the Meseta Central was developed during the 19th century, with early handling by figures such as Heinrich Moritz Willkomm and later formalized by Salvador Calderón y Arana. The plateau has been a central aspect of Spanish geography and cultural identity, influencing settlement patterns, agriculture, and regional climate.

Flora and Fauna