Kyawswa of Pagan
Kyawswa of Pagan (Burmese: ကျော်စွာ, pronounced [tɕɔ̀zwà]; 2 August 1260 – 10 May 1299) was a monarch of the Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar). He reigned as the King of Pagan from 1289 to 1297. Kyawswa was one of the many rulers who emerged in the aftermath of the collapse of the Pagan Empire. His father, Narathihapate, was the last sovereign king before the empire's decline.
Early Life and Ascension
Kyawswa was born on 2 August 1260, into the royal family. His father, Narathihapate, ruled the Pagan Empire until its downfall in 1287 due to internal strife and external invasions, particularly the Mongol invasions. Kyawswa's ascent to the throne was marked by turbulence as various factions vied for control following the empire's disintegration.
Reign and Challenges
Kyawswa's rule is noted for the constraints imposed by the fragmented state of the realm he inherited. His authority extended little beyond the capital Pagan (Bagan), as regional warlords and rival claimants contested his rule. The political landscape of Burma during this period was marked by the rise of several smaller states, including the Pinya Kingdom and the Myinsaing Kingdom, founded by his contemporaries.
Kyawswa attempted to stabilize his reign by seeking an alliance with the Mongols, who had established influence in the region. However, this move was seen unfavorably by many of his subjects and rival factions, undermining his legitimacy and control.
Overthrow and Death
Kyawswa's reign came to a premature end in 1297 when he was overthrown by the brothers Athinkhaya, Yazathingyan, and Thihathu, who were regional warlords and influential figures in the central Burmese region. They viewed Kyawswa's alignment with the Mongols as a betrayal and sought to restore Burmese sovereignty.
After his overthrow, Kyawswa was forced into monastic life and was ultimately assassinated on 10 May 1299. His death marked the end of the Pagan dynasty’s direct line of rulers, leading to further fragmentation and the rise of new political entities in Burma.
Legacy
Kyawswa's reign is a significant period in Burmese history as it illustrates the complexities of ruling during the decline of the Pagan Empire. His efforts to maintain control amidst external pressures and internal dissent highlight the challenges faced by monarchs in a divided polity. Despite his short and troubled reign, Kyawswa remains a notable figure in the history of the Pagan dynasty.