Kabbalah
Kabbalah is a mystical tradition and esoteric method within Judaism. The term itself is derived from the Hebrew word "Qabbalah," meaning "the act of receiving," indicating its nature as a wisdom tradition purportedly handed down orally through generations. It forms a significant part of Jewish Mysticism, which seeks to understand the nature of the divine and the universe.
Historical Context
Kabbalah's roots can be traced back to early Jewish mystical traditions, such as Merkabah Mysticism, which focused on mystical ascents and visions, much like the chariot visions of the Prophet Ezekiel. The tradition of Kabbalah as we recognize it today began to emerge in the 12th and 13th centuries, particularly in Spain and Provence.
The Zohar
The Zohar, meaning "Splendor" or "Radiance," is the foundational text of Kabbalistic thought. It is a mystical commentary on the Torah and is said to have been composed by the 2nd-century sage Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai, although it was published by Moses de Leon in the late 13th century. The Zohar delves into profound metaphysical themes related to the nature of God, the structure of the spiritual worlds, and the path of the soul.
Sefirot and the Tree of Life
Central to Kabbalistic thought is the concept of the Sefirot, the ten attributes through which the infinite and unknowable God, referred to as Ein Sof, reveals itself and interacts with the universe. These Sefirot are often depicted as a diagram known as the Tree of Life, which represents the connection between the divine and the earthly realms.
Practical Kabbalah
In addition to its theoretical aspects, there is also a tradition of Practical Kabbalah, which involves the use of magical practices and esoteric techniques aimed at achieving spiritual insights or influencing the material world. While historically it was considered a form of permissible "white magic," it is often distinguished from more mainstream Kabbalistic practices.
Influence and Legacy
Kabbalah has had a significant impact beyond Jewish circles, influencing the development of Christian Kabbalah during the Renaissance and later the Hermetic Qabalah in Western esotericism. It has also deeply influenced various other mystical and philosophical traditions.