James V. Forrestal
James Vincent Forrestal (February 15, 1892 – May 22, 1949) was a prominent American government official and served as the last cabinet-level United States Secretary of the Navy and the first United States Secretary of Defense. His efforts in shaping U.S. military policy during a critical time in history have left an indelible mark on the defense infrastructure of the nation.
Early Life and Education
James V. Forrestal was born in Matteawan, now part of Beacon, New York. After completing high school, Forrestal pursued higher education at Dartmouth College before transferring to Princeton University. Despite his academic promise, Forrestal left Princeton in 1915 without a degree due to financial and academic challenges.
Early Career
Before joining the military, Forrestal worked in journalism and finance. He was a financial reporter, clerk at a zinc company, and a bond salesman. These roles equipped him with valuable experience in business and communication, which would later play a crucial role in his governmental duties.
Military Service and Naval Aviation
With the onset of World War I, Forrestal enlisted in the U.S. Navy as a seaman second class. His passion for naval aviation flourished during this time, prompting him to undergo flight training with the British Royal Flying Corps, an experience that deepened his commitment to military service.
Government Service
Forrestal's most significant contributions came during his tenure in various governmental roles. Appointed as the Under Secretary of the Navy during World War II, he worked closely with military leaders, including John E. Gingrich, his aide. His efforts were pivotal in expanding and modernizing the U.S. Navy's capabilities during the war.
Secretary of the Navy
In 1944, Forrestal succeeded Frank Knox as Secretary of the Navy, where he continued to advocate for a strong naval force. His tenure included the integration of women and minorities into the Navy, reflecting his progressive approach towards building a diverse military.
Secretary of Defense
With the passage of the National Security Act of 1947, Forrestal was appointed as the first Secretary of Defense under the newly created Department of Defense. This act was a landmark in reorganizing the military and streamlining command structures, which included the drafting of the Key West Agreement outlining the roles and responsibilities of the Armed Forces.
Legacy
The James V. Forrestal Building in Washington, D.C., which houses the United States Department of Energy, is named in his honor, symbolizing his lasting impact on U.S. defense policy and infrastructure.