Isis
The Ancient Egyptian Goddess
Isis was a major goddess in ancient Egyptian religion whose worship spread throughout the Greco-Roman world. First mentioned in the Old Kingdom (c. 2686 – c. 2181 BCE), Isis is one of the main characters in the Osiris myth. According to the myth, she resurrects her slain brother and husband, the divine king Osiris, and protects and nurtures their heir, Horus.
In ancient Egyptian art, Isis was commonly depicted as a woman with a sheath dress, holding a papyrus staff and an ankh sign. Her original headdress was the throne symbol used in writing her name. She and her sister Nephthys often appear together, particularly when mourning Osiris's death, supporting him on his throne, or protecting the sarcophagi of the dead.
The imagery and attributes of Isis extended beyond Egyptian borders and into the Greco-Roman world. For example, early images of Mary nursing Jesus were influenced by depictions of Isis nursing Horus, emphasizing the divinity of their sons.
The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS)
The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) is a terrorist organization that emerged from the conflict in Syria and sectarian tensions in Iraq. ISIS's goal is to establish a caliphate governed by a strict interpretation of sharia law. The group declared an Islamic caliphate in June 2014, calling all Muslims to pledge allegiance.
ISIS initially expanded its presence in Syria and Iraq, taking advantage of the turmoil in both countries. Disputes over strategic direction in Syria led to a split from al-Qa‘ida in February 2014, which further solidified ISIS's challenge to al-Qa‘ida for leadership of the global extremist movement. ISIS has since declared the establishment of several provinces outside Iraq and Syria, including in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Algeria, the Caucasus, Egypt, Libya, Saudi Arabia, West Africa, and Yemen.
Historical and Ideological Context
Though vastly different in context, the name "Isis" connects both the ancient Egyptian goddess and the modern terrorist organization. The ancient goddess Isis symbolized life, protection, and motherhood, playing a pivotal role in Egyptian mythology and religious practices. In contrast, ISIS represents a radical militant ideology seeking to enforce a singular vision of Islamic governance through violence and terror.
Despite these differing contexts, the overlapping usage of the name "Isis" in modern and ancient times showcases how symbols and names can traverse cultures and epochs, gaining new meanings and associations along the way.