Infant Baptism
Infant Baptism, also known as paedobaptism, is the Christian practice of baptizing infants or young children. This sacrament is also referred to as christening, although some traditions reserve the term "christening" exclusively for the baptism of infants. The practice is distinguished from believer's baptism, which baptizes individuals who have personally professed faith in Jesus Christ.
Historical Background
The origins of infant baptism trace back to early Christianity. Historical evidence suggests that the practice became widely accepted by the second century. Early Christian theologians like Tertullian recorded debates about its validity, signifying its established presence. The practice was solidified in tradition over subsequent centuries and became a normative part of church rituals.
Theological Basis
The theological justification for infant baptism is primarily found in the concept of original sin, as expounded by Saint Augustine. According to this doctrine, all humans inherit a sinful nature from Adam and Eve and require cleansing through baptism. Infant baptism is seen as a means of incorporating the child into the covenant community, symbolizing entry into the Body of Christ.
Scriptural Support
Proponents cite various scriptural references, including Jesus' command in the Great Commission to baptize "all nations" (Matthew 28:19), which they interpret to include children. Additionally, household baptisms mentioned in the New Testament (e.g., Acts 16:15, 1 Corinthians 1:16) are taken as implicit endorsements of infant baptism.
Methodology
Infant baptism is typically performed using methods like affusion, where water is poured over the infant’s head, or aspersion, which involves sprinkling water. These methods contrast with immersion baptism, more common in credobaptist traditions. The water symbolizes purification and the washing away of sin.
Baptismal Font
The baptismal font is a critical element in the ritual, designed to hold the water used in the baptism. Fonts can vary in size and design, often located within or near the altar in a church.
Contrasting Views: Credobaptism
In contrast to paedobaptism, credobaptism (from the Latin "credo," meaning "I believe") is the practice of baptizing individuals who profess personal faith in Jesus Christ. This practice is common among Baptists and other Protestant denominations. Credobaptists argue that baptism should follow an individual's conscious decision to follow Christ, as they believe the ritual symbolizes an outward testimony of inward faith.
Role of Godparents
In traditions that practice infant baptism, godparents play an essential role. They are typically chosen by the infant's parents and are tasked with ensuring the child’s religious upbringing. This practice dates back to at least the second century and remains a significant aspect of the ritual.
Emergency Baptism
In cases where an infant's life is in danger, an emergency baptism can be performed by anyone, including those not ordinarily authorized to conduct the sacrament. This underscores the perceived urgency and importance of baptism in the infant's salvation.
Divergence in Practices
While the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church both practice infant baptism, their theological nuances and liturgical practices can vary. For instance, the Eastern Orthodox Church might delay baptism until the infant is at least 40 days old, reflecting different interpretations of theological and pastoral concerns.